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Technocracy Movement "Technocracy is the science of social engineering, the scientific operation of the entire social mechanism to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population" What Is Technocracy?”, The Technocrat, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1938 Page 2 Howard Scott "Register on a continuous 24 hour-per-day basis the total net conversion of energy. By means of the registration of energy converted and consumed, make possible a balanced load. Provide a continuous inventory of all production and consumption. Provide a specific registration of the type, kind, etc., of all goods and services, where produced and where used. Provide specific registration of the consumption of each individual, plus a record and description of the individual" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 232 "The end-products attained by a high-energy social mechanism on the North American Continent will be: (a) A high physical standard of living, (b) a high standard of public health, (ç) a minimum of unnecessary labor, (d) a minimum of wastage of non-replaceable resources, (e) an educational system to train the entire younger generation indiscriminately as regards all considerations other than inherent ability… Continental system of human conditioning. The achievement of these ends will result from a centralized control with a social organization built along functional lines" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 240 "A strong but non-imperialistic Germany rising to the heights of prosperity through the proper application of technocracy was pictured to the German masses in the usual week-end barrage of speeches by Nazi leaders today" Hitler Demands Troops Lead Reich,” The New York Times , August 21, 1933 "Germany has her own technocratic movement in the Technokratische Union with headquarters in Berlin. Although it has taken its name from its American counterpart, it is not an offshoot of the latter but an indigenous growth. Nevertheless, German technocracy, which has just taken organized form, agrees with the American brand on all but two major points." Germans Modify Our Technocracy,” The New York Times , January 22, 1933 "Like their American economic kin, they are against capitalism, against the profit system and against the gold standard… The German technocratic union is in touch with Howard Scott in New York and dreams of creating an international technocratic organization, which, indeed, its leaders deem indispensable for realizing the technocratic ideal." Germans Modify Our Technocracy,” The New York Times , January 22, 1933 Operation Paperclip Rockefeller Gifts Total $530,853,632”, New York Times , May 24, 1937 "[The technetronic era] involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled and directed society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite whose claim to political power would rest on allegedly superior scientific know-how. Unhindered by the restraints of traditional liberal values, this elite would not hesitate to achieve its political ends by using the latest modern techniques for influencing public behavior and keeping society under close surveillance and control." Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 252-53, By Zbiginew Brzezinski. "Tension is unavoidable as man strives to assimilate the new into the framework of the old. For a time the established framework resiliently integrates the new by adapting it in a more familiar shape. But at some point the old framework becomes overloaded. The newer input can no longer be redefined into traditional forms, and eventually it asserts itself with compelling force. Today, though, the old framework of international politics - with their spheres of influence, military alliances between nation-states, the fiction of sovereignty, doctrinal conflicts arising from nineteenth century crises - is clearly no longer compatible with reality" Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 274 By Zbiginew Brzezinski "The approaching two-hundredth anniversary of the Declara-tion of Independence could justify the call for a national constitutional convention to reexamine the nation’s formal institutional framework. Either 1976 or 1989 - the two-hundredth anniversary of the Constitution - could serve as a suitable target date culminating a national dialogue on the relevance of existing arrangements.... Realism, however, forces us to recognize that the necessary political innovation will not come from direct constitutional reform, desirable as that would be. The needed change is more likely to develop incrementally and less overtly...in keeping with the American tradition of blurring distinctions between public and private institutions." Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 258-59 By Zbiginew Brzezinski "nation-state as a fundamental unit of man’s organized life has ceased to be the principal creative force: International banks and multinational corporations are acting and planning in terms that are far in advance of the political concepts of the nation-state.” Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 56 By Zbiginew Brzezinski “The house of world order will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down…an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault.” CFR member Richard Gardner, Page 558 Foreign Affairs The Hard Road To World Order "President Reagan ultimately came to understand Trilateral’s value and invited the entire membership to a reception at the White House in April 1984" David Rockefeller Memoirs Page 498 "The Trilateral Commission is international and is intended to be the vehicle for multinational consolidation of the commercial and banking interests by seizing control of the political government of the United States. The Trilateral Commission represents a skillful, coordinated effort to seize control and consolidate the four centers of power - political, monetary, intellectual and ecclesiastical" Senator Barry Goldwater, With No Apologies , (Morrow, 1979), Page 280 The Council of Americas "The Council of the Americas played an integral role in the ultimately successful effort to secure TPA (Trade Promotion Authority)… the Council lobbied hard for the legislation. Although the vote in the House was extremely close (215 ayes to 214 nays), the Senate passed TPA more easily." David Rockefeller Memoirs Page 520 "is not a conventional trade agreement but the architecture of a new international system.... the vital first step for a new kind of community of nations." Henry Kissinger, With NAFTA US Finally Creates A New World Order La Times July 18th 1993 "the three governments should establish a North American Commission (NAC) to define an agenda for Summit meetings by the three leaders and to monitor the implementation of the decisions and plans. A second institution should emerge from combining two bilateral legislative groups into a North American Parliamentary Group. The third institution should be a Permanent Court on Trade and Investment. The three leaders should establish a North American Development Fund, whose priority would be to connect the U.S-Mexican border region to central and southern Mexico. The North American Commission should develop an integrated continental plan for transportation and infrastructure. ...negotiate a Customs Union and a Common External Tariff. Our three governments should sponsor Centers for North American Studies in each of our countries to help the people of all three understand the problems and the potential of North America and begin to think of themselves as North Americans." Dr. Robert A. Pastor, “A Modest Proposal To the Trilateral Commission”, Trilateral Commission, 2002, Page 2-3 Robert A. Pastor will serve as vice chairs - Council Joins Leading Canadians and Mexicans to Launch Independent Task Force on the Future of America” "Ten years after NAFTA, it is obvious that the security and economic futures of Canada, Mexico, and the United States are intimately bound. But there is precious little thinking available as to where the three countries need to be in another ten years and how to get there. I am excited about the potential of this task force to help fill this void," said Council President Richard N. Haass. Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America "I am honoured to be here on this eighty-fifth anniversary of the historic donation of John D. Rockefeller Jr. to the League of Nations Library. At the time, Mr. Rockefeller said he made the gift based on the conviction that “peace must finally be built on the foundation of well-informed public opinion.” This powerful statement rings true today. It is fitting that we are naming this room after him. I thank the family for donating the portrait of John D. Rockefeller that was displayed at the Rockefeller Foundation for 65 years. In offering this generous gift, David Rockefeller said he hoped it would serve as a reminder of his father’s generosity – but more importantly his conviction that strong international organizations can help create a just, equitable and peaceful world. The Rockefeller family has lived up to this conviction, providing immense support for the League of Nations and the United Nations over the years. The original donation to this library was particularly significant. Even today, the interest provides approximately $150,000 every biennium to this wonderful library. That makes it possible to care for its many priceless historical treasures, including a signed copy of the Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant of the League of Nations. This Library also safeguards more recent history, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with original letters from Eleanor Roosevelt and René Cassin. I applaud the mission of this library to serve international understanding. I am deeply grateful to all the staff. You make an enormous contribution through your help for researchers and citizens who are interested in the United Nations’ history and work. I personally want to thank the Rockefeller family for my own office — and the entire United Nations campus on the East Side of Manhattan. When Rockefeller’s donation of the land was announced in the General Assembly in 1945, the Hall was filled with loud applause. The United States Ambassador cheered Mr. Rockefeller’s “magnificent benevolence”. I am deeply grateful to the esteemed members of the Rockefeller family and the Rockefeller Foundation for continuing the noble tradition of supporting international organizations devoted to peace. As recently as this past June, at the Rio+20 summit on sustainable development, the Rockefeller Foundation and the United Nations Global Compact launched a new framework for action to help meet social and environmental needs." UN Secretary-General, “Marking Historic Donation to the League of Nations Library-Hails Rockefeller Foundation’s ‘Global Philanthropy’”, September 2, 2012 Earth Charter - Steven Rockefeller One of the drafters Brundtland Commission "Participating in a UN advocated planning process would very likely bring out many of the conspiracy-fixated groups and individuals in our society such as the National Rifle Association, citizen militias and some members of Congress. This segment of our society who fear “one-world government” and a UN invasion of the United States through which our individual freedom would be stripped away would actively work to defeat any elec ted official who joined “the conspiracy” by undertaking LA21. So, we call our processes something else, such as comprehensive planning, growth management or smart growth" J.Gary Lawrence, “The Future of Local Agenda 21 in the New Millennium”, The Millemium Papers Issue 2 , 1998 Page 3 "Land, because of its unique nature and the crucial role it plays in human settlements, cannot be treated as an ordinary asset, controlled by individuals and subject to the pressures and inefficiencies of the market. Private land ownership is also a principal instrument of accumulation and concentration of wealth and therefore contributes to social injustice; if unchecked, it may become a major obstacle in the planning and implementation of development schemes. Social justice, urban renewal and development, the provision of decent dwellings and healthy conditions for the people can only be achieved if land is used in the interests of society as a whole" U.N. Meeting Urges Curb On Private Land Holding June 12, 1976, Vernon Heywood, ed, Global Biodiversity Assessment , (Cambridge University Press 1996) Thirty-two states had eugenics programs, but California was in a league of its own… In California, the eugenics movement was led by figures such as David Starr Jordan, president of Stanford University, and Harry Chandler, publisher of the Los Angeles Times…. California’s movement was so effective that in the 1930s, members of the Nazi party asked California eugenicists for advice on how to run their own sterilization program. ”Germany used California’s program as its chief example that this was a working, successful policy,” Cogdell said. “They modeled their law on California’s law" California’s dark legacy of forced sterilizations”, CNN Health, March 15, 2002 Aspen Institute "But under the Constitution, a president may enter into a legally binding treaty only if it is approved by a two-thirds majority of the Senate. To sidestep that requirement, President Obama’s climate negotiators are devising what they call a “politically binding” deal that would “name and shame” countries into cutting their emissions. The deal is likely to face strong objections from Republicans on Capitol Hill and from poor countries around the world, but negotiators say it may be the only realistic path." Obama Pursuing Climate Accord in Lieu of Treaty”, New York Times , August 26, 2014 "The GFA Controller developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a small circuit board built into household appliances that reduces stress on the power grid by continually monitoring fluctuations in available power. During times of high demand, appliances equipped with the controller automatically shut down for a short period of time, resulting in a cumulative reduction that can maintain stability on the grid" Department of Energy Putting Power in the Hands of Consumers Through Technology”, DOE, January 9, 2008 IMF urges higher energy taxes to fight climate change”, Reuters, July 31, 2014. "My proposal is to set a global quota for fossil fuel combustion every year, and to share it equally between all the adults in the world." Judith Hanna, “Toward a single carbon currency”, New Scientist, April 29, 1995 "Imagine a country where carbon becomes a new currency. We carry bankcards that store both pounds and carbon points. When we buy electricity, gas and fuel, we use our carbon points, as well as pounds. To help reduce carbon emissions, the Government would set limits on the amount of carbon that could be used." David Miliband The Telegraph 20th of July 2006 "To build a carbon market, its originators must create a currency of carbon credits that participants can trade.” Hannah Fairfield, “When Carbon Is Currency”, The New York Times, May 6, 2007 "Lord Smith of Finsbury believes that implementing individual carbon allowances for every person will be the most effective way of meeting the targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. It would involve people being issued with a unique number which they would hand over when purchasing products that contribute to their carbon footprint, such as fuel, airline tickets and electricity. Like with a bank account, a statement would be sent out each month to help people keep track of what they are using. If their “carbon account” hits zero, they would have to pay to get more credits" Everyone in Britain could be given a personal ‘carbon allowance’”, The Telegraph (UK) , November 9, 2009 "It is now possible to use a plastic card similar to today’s credit card embedded with a microchip. This chip could contain all the information needed to create an energy distribution card as described in this booklet. Since the same information would be provided in whatever forms best suits the latest technology, however, the concept of an “Energy Distribution Card” is what is explained here" An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy, Inc., website, 2009 (Adapted from an article in the Technocracy Magazine, July 1937) "The certificate will be issued directly to the individual. It is nontransferable and nonnegotiable; therefore, it cannot be stolen, lost, loaned, borrowed, or given away. It is noncumulative; therefore, it cannot be saved, and it does not accrue or bear interest. It need not be spent but loses its validity after a designated time period" Howard Scott, “An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy Magazine , 1937 "The card will be issued directly to the individual. It is nontransferable and nonnegotiable; therefore, it cannot be stolen, lost, loaned, borrowed or given away. It is noncumulative; therefor it cannot be saved, and it does not accrue or bear interest. It need not be spent but loses its validity after a designated time period." An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy, Inc., website, 2009 (Adapted from an article in the Technocracy Magazine, July 1937, updated version of paragraph above) "The banks are preparing to do with carbon what they’ve done before: design and market derivatives contracts that will help client companies hedge their price risk over the long term. They’re also ready to sell carbon-related financial products to outside investors" Carbon Capitalists Warming to Climate Market Using Derivatives”, Bloomberg , December 4, 2009 “NSA slides explain PRISM”, The Washington Post , June 6, 2013, The NSA Wiretapping Story That Nobody Wanted”, PC World , July 17, 2009 "The National Security Agency is currently collecting the telephone records of millions of US customers of Verizon, one of America’s largest telecoms providers, under a top secret court order issued in April…. The order, a copy of which has been obtained by the Guardian, requires Verizon on an “ongoing, daily basis” to give the NSA information on all telephone calls in its systems, both within the US and between the US and other countries." NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily”, The Guardian (UK) , June 5, 2013 "in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite" Eisenhower’s Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 "The human species can, if it wishes, transcend itself —not just sporadically, an individual here in one way, an individual there in another way, but in its entirety, as humanity. We need a name for this new belief. Perhaps transhumanism will serve: man remaining man, but transcending himself, by realizing new possibilities of and for his human nature. “I believe in transhumanism”: once there are enough people who can truly say that, the human species will be on the threshold of a new kind of existence, as different from ours as ours is from that of Peking man. It will at last be consciously fulfilling its real destiny." Julian Huxley, New Bottles for New Wine , (Peters Fraser & Dunlop, 1957) Page 17 "The nerds are running the show in today’s China. In the twenty years since Deng Xiaoping’s [1978-79] reforms kicked in, the composition of the Chinese leadership has shifted markedly in favor of technocrats. ...It’s no exaggeration to describe the current regime as a technocracy. After the Maoist madness abated and Deng Xiaoping inaugurated the opening and reforms that began in late 1978, scientific and technical intellectuals were among the first to be rehabilitated. Realizing that they were the key to the Four Modernizations embraced by the reformers, concerted efforts were made to bring the “experts” back into the fold. During the 1980s, technocracy as a concept was much talked about, especially in the context of so-called “Neo-Authoritarianism” -- the principle at the heart of the “Asian Developmental Model” that South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan had pursued with apparent success. The basic beliefs and assumptions of the technocrats were laid out quite plainly: Social and economic problems were akin to engineering problems and could be understood, addressed, and eventually solved as such. The open hostility to religion that Beijing exhibits at times -- most notably in its obsessive drive to stamp out the “evil cult” of Falun Gong -- has pre-Marxist roots. Scientism underlies the post-Mao technocracy, and it is the orthodoxy against which heresies are measured" Made In China: Revenge Of The Nerds, Time Magazine , June, 2001 "Both men have been described as “technocrats” in major newspapers. What, exactly, is a technocrat?…An expert, not a politician. Technocrats make decisions based on specialized information rather than public opinion… The word technocrat can also refer to an advocate of a form of government in which experts preside.… in the United States, technocracy was most popular in the early years of the Great Depression. Inspired in part by the ideas of economist Thorstein Veblen, the movement was led by engineer Howard Scott, who proposed radical utopian ideas and solutions to the economic disaster in scientific language. His movement, founded in 1932, drew national interest." What’s a Technocrat”, Slate , November 11, 2011 Unverified Sources "When I speak of the present international system I am referring to relations in specific fields, most of all among the Atlantic countries: commercial, military, mutual security relations, involving the international monetary fund, NATO etc. We need to change the international system for a global system in which new, active and creative forces recently developed - should be integrated. This system needs to include Japan, Brazil, the oil producing countries, and even the USSR, to the extent which the Soviet Union is willing to participate in a global system" Veja Magazine , (Brazil, 1974). Zbiginew Brzezinski "The controller is essentially a simple computer chip that can be installed in regular household appliances like dishwashers, clothes washers, dryers, refrigerators, air conditioners, and water heaters. The chip senses when there is a disruption in the grid and turns the appliances off for a few seconds or minutes to allow the grid to stabilize. The controllers also can be programmed to delay the restart of the appliances. The delay allows the appliances to be turned on one at a time rather than all at once to ease power restoration following an outage." Pacific Northwest National Laboratory website "For those keen to slow global warming, the most effective actions are in the creation of strong national carbon currencies. For scholars and policymakers, the key task is to mine history for guides that are more useful. Global warming is considered an environmental issue, but its best solutions are not to be found in the canon of environmental law. Carbon’s ubiquity in the world economy demands that cost be a consideration in any regime to limit emissions. Indeed, emissions trading has been anointed king because it is the most responsive to cost. And since trading emissions for carbon is more akin to trading currency than eliminating a pollutant, policymakers should be looking at trade and finance with an eye to how carbon markets should be governed. We must anticipate the policy challenges that will arise as this bottom-up system emerges, including the governance of seams between each of the nascent trading systems, liability rules for bogus permits, and judicial cooperation" a new currency”, harvard international review , may 6, 2006 "The chairman of the Senate panel probing U.S. Intelligence agencies says the government has the technological capacity to impose “total tyranny” if a dictator ever came to power. “There would be no place to hide,” Sen. Frank Church (D-Idaho), chairman of the committee, said Sunday on NBC’s Meet the Press. Church said the eavesdropping technology given the government by intelligence agencies would enable the government to impose total tyranny “and there would be no way to fight back because the most careful effort to combine together in resistance to the government, no matter how privately it was done, is within the reach of the government to know, such is the capability of this technology" dictator could impose total tyranny in u.s., church says”, the times-news , august 16, 1975

ARPANET DARPA Herbicidal Warfare - Britain's use in Malaya Operation Ranch Hand - US use in Vietnam "soap operas "get more advertising messages across to the consumer"—and sell more soap—simply because the housewife can absorb the messages for hours on end while she goes about her household chores." The Cleanup Man,” Time , October 5, 1953 Project AGILE Operation Igloo White The Phoenix Program IBM and the Holocaust "The fact is, as I see it, that the military greatly needs solutions to many or most of the problems that will arise if we tried to make good use of the facilities that are coming into existence. I am hoping that there will be, in our individual efforts, enough evident advantage in cooperative programming and operation to lead us to solve the problems and, thus, to bring into being the technology that the military needs. When problems arise clearly in the military context and seem not to appear in the research context, then ARPA can take steps to handle them on an ad hoc basis. As I say, however, hopefully, many of the problems will be essentially the same, and essentially as important, in the research context as in the military context." J. C. R. Licklider, “Memorandum for Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network,” Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 23, 1963, Edward A. Feigenbaum Papers collection, Stanford University "So, late on that October night in 1969, Kline, sitting at the UCLA computer lab, placed a phone call to Duvall at Stanford." Guy Raz, “‘Lo’ And Behold: A Communication Revolution,” All Things Considered, NPR, October 29, 2009 International Conference on Computer Communications Lawrence Roberts "The key breakthrough in the new computer technology was made at a little known unit of the Defense Department—the Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA. ARPA scientists created something new in computer communications with this device, it’s known as the IMP, the interface message processor. Different computers communicate in different computer languages. Before the IMP it was enormously difficult, in many cases impossible, to link the various computers. The IMP, in effect, translates all computer messages into a common language. That makes it very very easy to tie them into a network. The government is now using this new technology in a secret computer network that gives the White House, the CIA, and the Defense Department access to FBI and Treasury Department computer files on 5 million Americans. The network, and it is referred to as “the network,” is now in operation.… This means that from computer terminals now in place at the White House, the CIA, or the Pentagon, an official can push a button and get whatever information there might be on you in the FBI’s vast computer files. Those files include records from local police agencies which are hooked to the FBI by computer." Transcripts of Ford Rowan’s June 1975 NBC broadcasts were read into the Congressional Record . “Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975) Page 5 "The men who ran the domestic war room kept records not unlike those maintained by their counterparts in the computerized war rooms in Saigon" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,”Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page 93 "Army intelligence was not just reconnoitering cities for bivouac sites, approach routes and Black Panther arsenals. It was collecting, disseminating, and storing amounts of data on the private and personal affairs of law-abiding citizens. Comments about the financial affairs, sex lives, and psychiatric histories of persons unaffiliated with the armed forces appear throughout the various records systems" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,”Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page 96 "Demonstrators and rioters were not regarded as American citizens with possibly legitimate grievances, but as ‘dissident forces’ deployed against the established order. Given this conception of dissent, it is not surprising that army intelligence would collect information on the political and private lives of the dissenters. The military doctrines governing counterintelligence, counterinsurgency, and civil affairs operations demanded it" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,” Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page V "Many of the records undoubtedly have been destroyed; many others undoubtedly have been hidden away.… On two subsequent occasions it was learned that the Intelligence Command had failed to carry out orders to destroy its computerized files on civilians unaffiliated with the armed forces.… The order to destroy the mug books was issued on February 18, 1970, but as of August 26, 1970, less than half had been reported destroyed.… " Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,” Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page VI, 42,8 ( not a natural quote) "The secret computer network was made possible by dramatic breakthroughs in the technique of hooking different makes and models of computers together so they can talk to one another and share information. It’s a whole new technology that not many people know about. If you pay taxes, or use a credit card, if you drive a car, or have ever served in the military, if you’ve ever been arrested, or even investigated by a police agency, if you’ve had major medical expenses or contributed to a national political party, there is information on you somewhere in some computer. Congress has always been afraid that computers, if all linked together, could turn the government into “big brother” with the computers making it dangerously easy to keep tabs on everyone." Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975). Page 5 "According to confidential sources, much of the material that was computerized has been copied and transferred, and much of it has been shared with other agencies where it has been integrated into other intelligence files.… In January 1972, at least part of the computerized Army domestic surveillance files were stored in the NSA’s Harvest computer at Fort Meade, Maryland. Through the use of a defense department computer network, the materials were transmitted and copied in Massachusetts at MIT, and were stored at the Army’s Natick Research Center." Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975). Page 10 MK Ultra Stephen Wolff Commercialization of the Internet History of the Internet William Shockley "Nobel Prize-winning physicist William B. Shockley--whose breakthrough work on the electronic transistor was overshadowed by his inflammatory views that blacks are genetically inferior to whites" La Times August 14th 1989 (Not in book but in reference to William Shockley's Eugenicist Beliefs) "My research leads me inescapably to the opinion that the major cause of the American Negro's intellectual and social deficits is hereditary and racially genetic in origin and, thus, not remediable to a major degree by practical improvements in the environment." Firing Line with William Shockley, min 52 (Not in book but in reference to William Shockley's Eugenicist Beliefs) "Larry’s refusal to engage the privacy discussion with the public always frustrated me. I remained convinced we could start with basic information and build an information center that would be clear and forthright about the tradeoffs users made when they entered their queries on Google or any other search engine..Those who truly cared would see we were being transparent. Even if they didn’t like our policies on data collection or retention, they would know what they were. If they went elsewhere to search, they would be taking a chance that our competitors’ practices were far worse than ours,” Douglas Edwards I'm Feeling Lucky, The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 of Page 345 "No. 4417749 conducted hundreds of searches over a three-month period on topics ranging from “numb fingers” to “60 single men” to “dog that urinates on everything.” And search by search, click by click, the identity of AOL user No. 4417749 became easier to discern. There are queries for “landscapers in Lilburn, Ga,” several people with the last name Arnold and “homes sold in shadow lake subdivision gwinnett county georgia.” It did not take much investigating to follow that data trail to Thelma Arnold, a 62-year-old widow who lives in Lilburn, Ga., frequently researches her friends’ medical ailments and loves her three dogs" Michael Barbaro and Tom Zeller Jr., “A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749,” New York Times , August 9, 2006 Total Information Awareness Information Awareness Office Jeffrey Rosen, “The Year in Ideas; Total Information Awareness,” New York Times , December 15, 2002 "Allowing the extraction of this content from e-mail messages is likely to have profound consequences for privacy. First, if companies can view private messages to pitch advertising, it is a matter of time before law enforcement will seek access to detect criminal conspiracies. All too often in Washington, one hears policy wonks asking, ‘if credit card companies can analyze your data to sell your cereal, why can’t the FBI mine your data for terrorism" Testimony of Chris Jay Hoofnagle, Director, Electronic Privacy Information Center West Coast Office, Privacy Risks of E-mail Scanning,” California Senate Judiciary Committee, March 15, 2005 Jamiles Lartey, “Predictive Policing Practices Labeled as ‘Flawed’ by Civil Rights Coalition,” Guardian , August 31, 2016 The CIA as Venture Capitalist,” Washington Post , September 29, 1999, Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Pandora Thinks It Knows If You Are a Republican,” Wall Street Journal , February 13, 2014 "The program, involving a tool called Greyball, uses data collected from the Uber app and other techniques to identify and circumvent officials who were trying to clamp down on the ride-hailing service. Uber used these methods to evade the authorities in cities like Boston, Paris and Las Vegas, and in countries like Australia, China and South Korea." How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide,” New York Times , March 3, 2017 "At the time, Uber had just started its ride-hailing service in Portland without seeking permission from the city, which later declared the service illegal. To build a case against the company, officers like Mr. England posed as riders, opening the Uber app to hail a car and watching as miniature vehicles on the screen made their way toward the potential fares. But unknown to Mr. England and other authorities, some of the digital cars they saw in the app did not represent actual vehicles. And the Uber drivers they were able to hail also quickly canceled. That was because Uber had tagged Mr. England and his colleagues — essentially Greyballing them as city officials — based on data collected from the app and in other ways. The company then served up a fake version of the app, populated with ghost cars, to evade capture" How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide,” New York Times , March 3, 2017 Derek Thompson, “Google’s CEO: The Laws Are Written by Lobbyists,” The Atlantic , October 1, 2010. Google’s former CEO, said in a moment of candour in 2010. “Because we know where you are. We know where you’ve been. We can more or less guess what you’re thinking about.” He later added: “One day we had a conversation where we figured we could just try to predict the stock market. And then we decided it was illegal. So we stopped doing that.” Google’s Earth: how the tech giant is helping the state spy on us, The Guardian 20th of December 2018 "now that In-Q-Tel is six years into its venture history, it has seen more of its companies get acquired, while only 10 of its investments have gone under - a pretty good rate for a VC firm. Digital mapping company Keyhole Corp., for example, was bought by Google in October, 2004." Meet The CIA's Venture Capitalist Posted on May 09, 2005, Bloomberg Businessweek "In-Q-Tel, a private nonprofit venture funded by the Central Intelligence Agency, today announced a strategic investment in Keyhole Corp., a pioneer of interactive 3D earth visualization. The investment, made in February 2003, was In-Q-Tel’s first engagement with a company on behalf of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). Immediately demonstrating the value of Keyhole’s technology to the national security community, NIMA used the technology to support United States troops in Iraq. “Within two weeks of In-Q-Tel’s engagement with Keyhole, we implemented the technology to support our mission within the Pentagon,” IN-Q-TEL ANNOUNCES STRATEGIC INVESTMENT IN KEYHOLE JUNE 2003 https://www.iqt.org/in-q-tel-announces-strategic-investment-in-keyhole/. Google Earth Google, seeking to diversify, looks to Uncle Sam, March 13, 2008 By John Letzing and MarketWatch "The CIA bought one of our Google search appliances for their intranet… “I told our sales rep to give them the okay if they promised not to tell anyone. I didn’t want it spooking privacy advocates,” Douglas Edwards I'm Feeling Lucky, The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 of Page 382 The search engine giant showed off its ambition yesterday to expand its business with the federal government, kicking off a two-day sales meeting that attracted nearly 200 federal contractors, engineers and uniformed military members eager to learn more about its technology offerings. "Google has ramped up its sales force in the Washington area in the past year to adapt its technology products to the needs of the military, civilian agencies and the intelligence community. Already, agencies use enhanced versions of Google's 3-D mapping product, Google Earth, to display information for the military on the ground in Iraq and to track airplanes that fight forest fires across the country" Google Makes Its Pitch to Expand Federal Business By Sara Kehaulani Goo and Alec Klein February 28, 2007 "We're really in the beginning stages," said Rob Painter, director of the Google Earth federal effort. "Coming on the scene to the federal space, in many ways, it's brand new." Google Makes Its Pitch to Expand Federal Business By Sara Kehaulani Goo and Alec Klein February 28, 2007 "Yesterday, Google's partner, Lockheed Martin, demonstrated a Google Earth product that it helped design for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's work in Iraq. These included displays of key regions of the country and outlined Sunni and Shiite neighborhoods in Baghdad, as well as U.S. and Iraqi military bases in the city." Google Makes Its Pitch to Expand Federal Business By Sara Kehaulani Goo and Alec Klein February 28, 2007 Intellipedia Frank Konkel, “The Details About the CIA’s Deal with Amazon,” The Atlantic , July 17, 2014 Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin partners with Boeing and Lockheed Martin to reduce dependence on Russian rockets By Adi Robertson on September 17, 2014 Blue Origin Andy Greenberg, “How a ‘Deviant’ Philosopher Built Palantir, a CIA-Funded Data-Mining Juggernaut,” Forbes , August 14, 2013 Darpa Turns Oculus into a Weapon for Cyberwar,” Wired , May 23, 2014, John Markoff, “Google Adds to Its Menagerie of Robots,” New York Times , December 14, 2013; Alex Hern, “Alphabet Sells Off ‘BigDog’ Robot Maker Boston Dynamics to Softbank,” Guardian , June 9, 2017 CrowdStrike, Jigsaw Google Ideas Develops Citizen Engagement Pilot Project for Somalia,” Google Open Source (blog), June 11, 2012 “Please keep close hold, but my team is planning to launch a tool on Sunday that will publicly track and map the defections in Syria and which parts of the government they are coming from… which we believe are important in encouraging more to defect and giving confidence to the opposition" Email from Jared Cohen, “Syria,” July 25, 2012, WikiLeaks, Hillary Clinton Email Archive Google Planned to Help Syria Rebels to Bring Down Assad Regime, Leaked Hillary Clinton Emails Claim,” The Independent , March 22, 2016 "Google is getting [White House] and State Dept. support & air cover. In reality, they are doing things the CIA cannot do,” wrote Fred Burton, a Stratfor executive, Newsweek Glenn Greenwald, Ewen MacAskill, and Laura Poitras, “Edward Snowden: The Whistleblower behind the NSA Surveillance Revelations,” Guardian , June 11, 2013 Lee Fang, “The CIA Is Investing in Firms That Mine Your Tweets and Instagram Photos,” The Intercept, April 14, 2016 MUSCULAR (surveillance program) - NSA and GCHQ NSA Infiltrates Links to Yahoo, Google Data Centers Worldwide, Snowden Documents Say,” Washington Post, October 20, 2013 NSA Slides Explain the PRISM Data-Collection Program,” Washington Post , June 6, 2013, "The engineering problems are so immense, in systems of such complexity and frequent change, that the FBI and NSA would be hard pressed to build in back doors without active help from each company.” Barton Gellman and Laura Poitras, “U.S., British Intelligence Mining Data from Nine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret Program,” Washington Post , June 7, 2013 "Microsoft was the first to join in 2007. Yahoo! came online a year later, and Facebook and Google plugged in to PRISM in 2009. Skype and AOL both joined in 2011. Apple, the laggard of the bunch, joined the surveillance system in 2012" NSA Prism Program Slides,” Guardian , November 1, 2013 "General Michael Hayden, former director of the NSA and the CIA, called Baker’s comment “absolutely correct,” and raised him one, asserting, “We kill people based on metadata.” Dave Cole, “We Kill People Based on Metadata,” New York Review of Books , May 10, 2014 Tor Onion Routing - Funded by DARPA and the office of Naval Research from the US Government Roger Dingledine US Naval Research Lab "I contract for the United States Government to build anonymity technology for them and deploy it" Free Privacy Enhancing Technologies." Panel, The 3rd Wizards of OS conference. Berlin, June 11, 2004 (Video exists but was in German) "The State Department and two federal agencies - the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the National Science Foundation - are major contributors." Privacy software, criminal use Unintended consequence of Walpole firm’s technology March 08, 2012, By Jenifer B. McKim, Boston Globe Staff "I think it sucks that we take Department of Defense money sometimes,” Appelbaum said in December 2014. “And sometimes I think it’s good when people have the ability to feed themselves and have the ability to have a home and a family. Now, I don’t have those things, really. I mean, I can feed myself. But I don’t have a home or a family in the same way, say, the family people inside of Tor do. And they need to be paid. It is the case that is true. And it raises questions. I personally would never take CIA money, and I don’t think nobody should. I don’t think the CIA should exist." Dingledine, Appelbaum, and Poitras, “State of the Onion.” ( havnt checked video yet) 1997: In addition to ONR funding, robustness aspects of Onion Routing are funded by DARPA under High Confidence Networks Program" Onion Routing: Brief Selected History July 6, 2017 "Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2011 16:57:39 -0400 From: Michael Reed To: tor-talk[at]lists.torproject.org Subject: Re: [tor-talk] Iran cracks down on web dissident technology On 03/22/2011 12:08 PM, Watson Ladd wrote: > On Tue, Mar 22, 2011 at 11:23 AM, Joe Btfsplk wrote: >> Why would any govt create something their enemies can easily use against them, then continue funding it once they know it helps the enemy, if a govt has absolutely no control over it? It's that simple. It would seem a very bad idea. Stop looking at it from a conspiracy standpoint & consider it as a common sense question. Because it helps the government as well. An anonymity network that only the US government uses is fairly useless. One that everyone uses is much more useful, and if your enemies use it as well that's very good, because then they can't cut off access without undoing their own work. BINGO, we have a winner! The original *QUESTION* posed that led to the invention of Onion Routing was, "Can we build a system that allows for bi-directional communications over the Internet where the source and destination cannot be determined by a mid-point?" The *PURPOSE* was for DoD / Intelligence usage (open source intelligence gathering, covering of forward deployed assets, whatever). Not helping dissidents in repressive countries. Not assisting criminals in covering their electronic tracks. Not helping bit-torrent users avoid MPAA/RIAA prosecution. Not giving a 10 year old a way to bypass an anti-porn filter. Of course, we knew those would be other unavoidable uses for the technology, but that was immaterial to the problem at hand we were trying to solve (and if those uses were going to give us more cover traffic to better hide what we wanted to use the network for, all the better...I once told a flag officer that much to his chagrin). I should know, I was the recipient of that question from David, and Paul was brought into the mix a few days later after I had sketched out a basic (flawed) design for the original Onion Routing. The short answer to your question of "Why would the government do this?" is because it is in the best interests of some parts of the government to have this capability... Now enough of the conspiracy theories... -Michael" Paul Syverson, email message sent to [tor-talk], “Iran cracks down on web dissident technology,” Tor Project, March 22, 2011 Revealed: US Spy Operation That Manipulates Social Media,” Guardian , March 17, 2011 We also need to think about a strategy for how to spin this move in terms of Tor's overall direction. I would guess that we don't want to loudly declare war on China, since this only harms our goals? But we also don't want to hide the existence of funding from IBB, since "they're getting paid off by the feds and they didn't tell anyone" sounds like a bad Slashdot title for a security project. Is it sufficient just to always Talk about Iran, or is that not subtle enough? >Roger - we will do any spin you want to do to help preserve the independence of TOR. We can't (nor should we) hide it for the reasons you have outlined below, but we also don't want to shout if from the rafters, either " Ken Berman, email message sent to Roger Dingledine, “Tor + IBB: moving forward,” February 24, 2006 Broadcasting Board Of Governors, Now U.S. Agency for Global Media Radio Free Asia - CIA front that was taken over by Broadcasting Board Of Governors Memorandum For: Special Assistant to the President, Subject: International Radio Broadcasting by Radio Free Asia,” Central Intelligence Agency, April 1, 1953 "Other previous employers include the MIT network security team, a summer internship at the National Security Agency" Roger Dingledine, curriculum vitae, accessed March 8, 2008, https://www.freehaven.net/~arma/cv.html Over the Net and Around the Law? U.S. Computer Users Gain Access to Voice of America Broadcasts,” Washington Post , January 14, 1995) "The long-term impact of funding and arming this paramilitary force was to unleash a deadly sectarian militia that terrorised the Sunni community and helped germinate a civil war that claimed tens of thousands of lives. At the height of that sectarian conflict, 3,000 bodies a month were strewn on the streets of Iraq." Mona Mahmood, Maggie O’Kane, Chavala Madlena, and Teresa Smith, “Revealed: Pentagon’s Link to Iraqi Torture Centres,” Guardian , March 6, 2013 Scott Shane and Andrew W. Lehren, “Leaked Cables Offer Raw Look at U.S. Diplomacy,” New York Times , November 28, 2010 "Some Egyptian youth leaders attended a 2008 technology meeting in New York, where they were taught to use social networking and mobile technologies to promote democracy. Among those sponsoring the meeting were Facebook, Google, MTV, Columbia Law School and the State Department...We learned how to organize and build coalitions,” said Bashem Fathy, a founder of the youth movement that ultimately drove the Egyptian uprisings. Mr. Fathy, who attended training with Freedom House, said, “This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 "The money spent on these programs was minute compared with efforts led by the Pentagon. But as American officials and others look back at the uprisings of the Arab Spring, they are seeing that the United States’ democracy-building campaigns played a bigger role in fomenting protests than was previously known, with key leaders of the movements having been trained by the Americans in campaigning, organizing through new media tools and monitoring elections." This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 "The cables, in particular, show how leaders in the Middle East and North Africa viewed these groups with deep suspicion, and tried to weaken them. Today the work of these groups is among the reasons that governments in turmoil claim that Western meddling was behind the uprisings, with some officials noting that leaders like Ms. Qadhi were trained and financed by the United States." This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 Announcement on Alliance of Youth Movements Summit, December 3–5: Summit Brings Youth Groups, Tech Experts Together to Promote Freedom,” US Department of State press release, America.gov, November 18, 2008 (This effort was launched by Alec Ross and his State Department colleague Jared Cohen, who would later head up Google’s JigSaw think tank) Unverified Source "We are proud that we may assist in such a task, a task that provides our nation’s Physician with the material he needs for his examinations. Our Physician can then determine whether the calculated values are in harmony with the health of our people. It also means that if such is not the case, our Physician can take corrective procedures to correct the sick circumstances.… Hail to our German people and der Fuhrer" Letter, J.C. Milner to H. Rottke, March 15,1939, p. 1, IBM Files. "Until the military–social science complex is eliminated, social scientists will aid the enslavement, rather than the liberation, of mankind" Project Cam Exposed , pamphlet 1, 1969, MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections, Cambridge Project. "Vietnam is the most blatant example of the U.S. attempt to control underdeveloped countries for its own strategic and economic interests. This global policy, that prevents the economic and social developments of the third world, is imperialism. In serving these policies, the U.S. government has no qualms about setting up a project that ties together MIT, Harvard, Lincoln Labs, and the entire Cambridge research and development complex" Project Cambridge Demonstrate , flier at Harvard, 1969, MIT Institute Archives and Special Collections, Cambridge Project. "This isn’t so much about getting good press about Tor as it is about preparing journalists so if they see bad press and consider spreading it further, they’ll stop and think.…" Andrew Lewman, email message sent to Kelly DeYoe and Roger Dingledine, “EPIC, BBC, Tor, and FOIA,” September 10, 2013, https://surveillancevalley.com/content /citations/email-from-andrew-lewman-to-kelly-deyoe-and-roger-dingledine-epic-bbc-tor-and-foia-10-september-2013.pdf.

“The house of world order will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down. It will look like a great" booming, buzzing confusion", but an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault.” CFR member Richard Gardner, Page 558 Foreign Affairs The Hard Road To World Order "Technocracy is dealing with social phenomena in the widest sense of the word; this includes not only actions of human beings, but also everything which directly or indirectly affects their actions. Consequently, the studies of Technocracy embrace practically the whole field of science and industry. Biology, climate, natural resources, and industrial equipment all enter into the social picture" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page X "Register on a continuous 24 hour-per-day basis the total net conversion of energy. By means of the registration of energy converted and consumed, make possible a balanced load. Provide a continuous inventory of all production and consumption. Provide a specific registration of the type, kind, etc., of all goods and services, where produced and where used. Provide specific registration of the consumption of each individual, plus a record and description of the individual" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 232 "This would be accomplished by instituting what would resemble a national 'drive it yourself' system. The Automotive Branch of Transportation would provide a network of garages at convenient places all over the country from which automobiles could be had at any hour of the night or day. No automobiles would be privately owned. When one wished to use an automobile he would merely call at the garage, present his driver's license, and a car of the type needed would be assigned to him. 'When he was through with the car he would return it either to the same garage, or to any other garage that happened to be convenient, and surrender his Energy Certificates in payment for the cost incurred while he was using it." Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 254-55 Our Common Future IUCN "We argue that UNCED has boosted precisely the type of industrial development that I 'd destructive for the environment, the planet and it's inhabitants. We see how, as a result of UNCED the rich will get richer, the poor poorer, while more and more of the planet is destroyed in the process" The Earth Brokers: Power, Politics, and World Development By Pratap Chatterjee, Matthias Finger Page 3 "attempted to involve otherwise powerless people of society in the process. But by observing the process we now know how undemocratic and untransparent the UN system is… Those of us who have watched the process have said that UNCED has failed. As youth we beg to differ. UNCED has been a success for the all-time wielders of power. Transnational corprations, the United States, Japan, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have got away with what they always wanted, carving out a better and more comfortable future for themselves… UNCED has ensured increased domination by those who already have power. Worse still, it has robbed the poor of the little power they had. It has made the poor predators of a market economy that has thus far threatened our planet…. Amidst elaborate cocktails and partying, few negotiators realised how critical their decisions are to our generation. By failing to address fundamental issues such as militarism, regulation of transnational corporations, democratisation of the international aid agencies and inequitable terms of trade, my generation has been damned." Third World Resurgence 1992 24/25 speech on behalf of th e world 's youths, presented by Wagaki Mwangi, Herinst (Not Primary Source "Big data is what will drive smart cities. It will be the force that ensures they become a reality." Making smart cities a reality: How to handle big data By Andy Bowker March 23, 2017, ITProPortal “This is probably the most difficult task we have ever given ourselves, which is to intentionally transform the economic development model, for the first time in human history. This is the first time in the history of mankind that we are setting ourselves the task of intentionally, within a defined period of time, to change the economic development model that has been reigning for at least 150 years, since the Industrial Revolution. This will not happen overnight and it will not happen at a single conference on climate change…It is a process, because of the depth of the transformation,” Christiana Figueres, the executive secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), The Hill, Arizona Daily Independent (Could not find the primary original press release, page linked is gone) "Says Bruce Babbitt, Clinton’s Interior secretary, “The hidden hand of John Podesta is involved in every environmental advancement accomplished in the Clinton and Obama administrations.” John Podesta Legacy Maker High Country News, May 25th 2015 "Technocracy is the science of social engineering, the scientific operation of the entire social mechanism to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population" What Is Technocracy?”, The Technocrat, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1938 Page 2 "In a press release, the firm said it planned to build "a forward-thinking community with a communication and infrastructure spine that embraces cutting-edge technology, designed around high-speed digital networks, data centers, new manufacturing technologies and distribution models, autonomous vehicles and autonomous logistics hubs." Bill Gates spends $80 million to create a "smart city" in Arizona CBS Nov 13 2017 CIAM Urbanates "Whitfield (2010) provided a survey of PPPs around the world, showing how the model has been adapted to the economic, political and legal environments of different countries in Europe, North America, Australia, Russia, China, India and Brazil. It also examined the growing secondary market in PPP investments, “buying and selling schools and hospitals like commodities in a global supermarket” (p. 183) as well as the increasing number of PPP failures, usually as a result of investors’ “miscalculations; states pick up the tab when they walk away”. It found cases of deceptive techniques of assessing value for money (VfM) and manipulations of risk transfer so that PPPs appear to out-perform traditional public provision. Most importantly, Whitfield claimed that PPPs undermine democracy by systematically reducing the responsibility, capability, and power of the state." Public-Private Partnerships and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Fit for purpose? DESA Working Paper No. 148 ST/ESA/2016/DWP/148 February 2016 Page 1 "The nerds are running the show in today’s China. In the twenty years since Deng Xiaoping’s [1978-79] reforms kicked in, the composition of the Chinese leadership has shifted markedly in favor of technocrats. ...It’s no exaggeration to describe the current regime as a technocracy. After the Maoist madness abated and Deng Xiaoping inaugurated the opening and reforms that began in late 1978, scientific and technical intellectuals were among the first to be rehabilitated. Realizing that they were the key to the Four Modernizations embraced by the reformers, concerted efforts were made to bring the “experts” back into the fold. During the 1980s, technocracy as a concept was much talked about, especially in the context of so-called “Neo-Authoritarianism” -- the principle at the heart of the “Asian Developmental Model” that South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan had pursued with apparent success. The basic beliefs and assumptions of the technocrats were laid out quite plainly: Social and economic problems were akin to engineering problems and could be understood, addressed, and eventually solved as such. The open hostility to religion that Beijing exhibits at times -- most notably in its obsessive drive to stamp out the “evil cult” of Falun Gong -- has pre-Marxist roots. Scientism underlies the post-Mao technocracy, and it is the orthodoxy against which heresies are measured" Made In China: Revenge Of The Nerds, Time Magazine , June, 2001 "Under a scientific dictator education will really work—with the result that most men and women will grow up to love their servitude and will never dream of revolution. There seems to be no good reason why a thoroughly scientific dictatorship should ever be overthrown." Brave New World Revisited Page 91 "the concept of a retail CBCC has been widely discussed by bloggers, central bankers and academics. Perhaps the most frequently discussed proposal is Fedcoin (Koning (2014, 2016), Motamedi (2014)).11 As discussed in Box B, the idea is for the Federal Reserve to create a cryptocurrency that is similar to bitcoin. However, unlike with bitcoin, only the Federal Reserve would be able to create Fedcoins and there would be one-for-one convertibility with cash and reserves. Fedcoins would only be created (destroyed) if an equivalent amount of cash or reserves were destroyed (created) at the same time. Like cash, Fedcoin would be decentralised in transaction and centralised in supply. Sveriges Riksbank, with its eKrona project, appears to have gone furthest in thinking about the potential issuance of a retail CBCC (Box C). A retail CBCC along the lines of Fedcoin would eliminate the high price volatility that is common to cryptocurrencies (Graph 1, centre panel).12 Moreover, as Koning (2014) notes, Fedcoin has the potential to relieve the zero lower bound constraint on monetary policy. As with other electronic forms of central bank money, it is technically possible to pay interest on a DLT-based CBCC. If a retail CBCC were to completely replace cash, it would no longer be possible for depositors to avoid negative interest rates and still hold central bank money." 2017 BIS Quarterly Review | 17 September 2017 "Veridium Labs is led by the founders of InfiniteEARTH, a leading global carbon credit producer. At InfiniteEARTH, our team created both the first REDD+ carbon accounting methodology, now embodied in the UN Paris Agreement, and the first validated REDD+ project to use it." Verdium Website "Earth Dollar (“ED”) is different than most fiat currencies because it is backed by Natural Capital Assets and Manufactured Assets within our World Heritage Sanctuaries. The Earth Dollar’s value is secured against “Natural Capital Assets and Manufactured Assets”, which will be placed in a global commons, held in a trust and safeguarded indefinitely for the benefit of Planet Earth and all the life it supports. Global Commons is a term typically used to describe international, supranational, and global resource domains in which common-pool resources are found. Global commons include the earth’s shared natural resources, such as the high oceans, the atmosphere, and outer space. Cyberspace may also meet the definition of a global commons." Earth Dollar Living Economic System "Representing every corner of the country, from the plains of Ohio, to the bustling streets of Washington D.C., to the seven hills of San Francisco, the winners of Visa’s Cashless Challenge have one thing in common: they share Visa’s vision and see the promise of a cash-free future." Visa Cashless Challenge The world's Unbanked, in 6 charts The World Economic Forum GEOINT "WOTF’s activities will focus on “the realization, acceptance, and worship of a Godhead based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) developed through computer hardware and software.” That includes funding research to help create the divine AI itself. The religion will seek to build working relationships with AI industry leaders and create a membership through community outreach, initially targeting AI professionals and “laypersons who are interested in the worship of a Godhead based on AI… What is going to be created will effectively be a god,” Levandowski tells me in his modest mid-century home on the outskirts of Berkeley, California. “It’s not a god in the sense that it makes lightning or causes hurricanes. But if there is something a billion times smarter than the smartest human, what else are you going to call it?” Wired Inside the First Church of Artificial Intelligence November 15th 2017 "there has never been such a large amount of religious-environmental activity in one location in the history of the world. This week will mark a watershed in the history of religion. It will be the time that people remember as the time when the world’s faiths declared themselves, irrevocably, as green faiths.” Huffington Post For the Good of Our Shared Earth: The World Council of Churches and ‘Religions for the Earth’ September 10th 2014 "[The technetronic era] involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled and directed society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite whose claim to political power would rest on allegedly superior scientific know-how. Unhindered by the restraints of traditional liberal values, this elite would not hesitate to achieve its political ends by using the latest modern techniques for influencing public behavior and keeping society under close surveillance and control." Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 252-53, By Zbiginew Brzezinski Persisting social crisis, the emergence of a charismatic personality, and the exploitation of mass media to obtain public confidence would be the steppingstone in the piecemeal transformation of the United State s into a highly controlled society" Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 253, By Zbiginew Brzezinski "The approaching two-hundredth anniversary of the Declara-tion of Independence could justify the call for a national constitutional convention to reexamine the nation’s formal institutional framework. Either 1976 or 1989 - the two-hundredth anniversary of the Constitution - could serve as a suitable target date culminating a national dialogue on the relevance of existing arrangements.... Realism, however, forces us to recognize that the necessary political innovation will not come from direct constitutional reform, desirable as that would be. The needed change is more likely to develop incrementally and less overtly...in keeping with the American tradition of blurring distinctions between public and private institutions." Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 258-59 By Zbiginew Brzezinski Realism, however, forces us to recognize that the necessary political innovation will no t come from direct constitutional reform , desirable as that would be. The needed change is more likely to develop incrementally and less overtly. Nonetheless , its eventual scope may be far-reaching, especially as the political process gradually assimilates scientific-technological change… The trend toward more coordination but less centralization woul be in keeping with the American tradition of blurring sharp distinctions between public and private institutions" Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 259-60 By Zbiginew Brzezinski "Some even believe we [Rockefeller family] are part of a secret cabal working against the best interests of the United States, characterizing my family and me as 'internationalists' and of conspiring with others around the world to build a more integrated global political and economic structure - One World, if you will. If that's the charge, I stand guilty, and I am proud of it" Memoirs by David Rockefeller Page 482.

"In short, plaintiffs allege that many of those who were involuntarily sterilized are still unaware of the reason for their infertility as well as the medical ramifications of the procedure" Poe v. Lynchburg Training School and Hospital, 518 F. Supp. 789 (W.D. Va. 1981) In 1934 he implored the General Assembly to broaden the scope of Virginia’s sterilization law; “the Germans,” he complained, “are beating us at our own game and are more progressive than we are.” Joseph DeJarnette, Virginia Encyclopedia "It is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no" Charles Darwin, Origin Of Species Page 64-65 Social Darwinism Francis Galton "Could not the undesirables be got rid of and the desirables multiplied?” Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters, and Labours of Francis Galton, Page 348 "What nature does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly" Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, And Aims. Francis Galton The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number 1 "It is easy to let the imagination run wild on the supposition of a whole-hearted acceptance of eugenics as a national religion.” Francis Galton, Restrictions In Marriage Page 57 "I agree with the paper, and go so far as to say that there is now no reasonable excuse for refusing to face the fact that nothing but a eugenic religion can save our civilization from the fate that has overtaken all previous civilizations." George Bernard Shaw, The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number "It has, indeed, strong claims to become an orthodox religious, tenet of the future" Francis Galton The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number 1 "The "swart cockney” {in Britain} is a resurgence of the primitive Mediterranean stock, and probably a faithful replica of his ancestors of Neolithic times." Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 167 "Where the parent stocks are very diverse, as [in] matings between whites, Negroes and Amerindians, the offspring is a mongrel-a walking chaos, so consumed by his jarring heredities that he is quite worthless" Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 166 "There are many parents who, in many cases, may themselves be normal, but who produce defective offspring. This great mass of humanity is not only a social menace to the present generation, but it harbors the potential parenthood of the social misfits of our future generations.” Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. 10A: The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914) Page 16 "Whether wholly of defective inheritance, or mostly of good inheritance, but suffering from an insurmountable hereditary handicap, members of the following classes must..be considered as socially unfit, and their supply should, if possible, be eliminated from the human stock: (1) the feeble-minded ; (2) the pauper class; (3) the criminal class; (4) the epileptics; (5) the insane ; (6) the constitutionally weak, or the asthenic class; (7) those predisposed to specific diseases, or the diathetic class; (8) the deformed ; (9) those having defective sense organs, as the blind and the deaf, or the kakaisthetic class." Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeders' Association to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population, Bleeker Van Wagenen (quote not in book, source cited) Problems In Eugenics Papers communicated to the First International Eugenics Congress University Of London, July 24th to 30th, 1912. Page 462 or 4 "Above all, there is no more absurd fallacy than the shibboleth of ‘the melting pot.’ As a matter of fact, the melting pot may mix but does not melt. Each race-type, formed ages ago, and ‘set’ by millenniums of isolation and inbreeding, is a stubbornly persistent entity. Each type possesses a special set of characters: not merely the physical characters visible to the naked eye, but moral, intellectual and spiritual characters as well. All these characters are transmitted substantially unchanged from generation to generation" Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 165 Biological Experimental Station At Cold Harbour - Carnegie and Davenport Eugenics Record Office - E Hairman Funding Harry H Laughlin - World Government "If they mate with a higher level, they contaminate it; if they mate with the still lower levels, they bolster them up a little only to aid them to continue their unworthy kind.” Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 15 "For the purposes of eugenical study and in working out a policy of elimination, it seems fair to estimate the anti-social varieties of the American people at 10 per cent. of the total population; but even this is arbitrary No matter in what stage of racial progress a people may be, it will always be desirable in the interests of still further advancement to cut off the lowest levels, and to encourage high fecundity among the more gifted." Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 15 "Is sterilization in any of the laws held a punitive remedy? If so, can it be considered as a second punishment for one offense, or as cruel or unusual punishment? Is the State taking any retaliatory measures toward a certain class of offenders in authorizing the operation? Can the sterilization of degenerates, or especially of criminals, be legitimately effected through the exercise of police functions?" Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 8 I understand that the operation of vasectomy is painless…other than to render it impossible for him to have progeny…. The danger, however, is that it might be inflicted upon one who is not a habitual criminal, who might have been the victim of circumstances and who could be reformed. To deprive such an individual of all hope of progeny would approach closely to the line of cruel and unusual punishment. There are many cases where juvenile offenders have been rendered habitual criminals who subsequently became exemplary citizens … the very fact that they exist would require the exercise of extreme caution in determining whether such a punishment is constitutional.” Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10B: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. II. THE LEGAL, LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF STERILIZATION, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 74 "Suggested Remedies... 1. Life segregation (or segregation during the reproductive 2. Sterilization. 3. Restrictive marriage laws and customs. 4. Eugenical education of the public and of prospective marriage period) mates. 5. Systems of matings purporting to remove defective traits. 6. General environmental betterment. 7. Polygamy. 8. Euthanasia. 9. Neo-Malthusianism. 10. Laissez-faire." Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 45-46 "International Co-operation: A review of the studies looking toward the possible application of the sterilization of defectives in foreign countries, together with records of any such operations from eugenical motives; foreign laws, customs and attitudes in reference to eugenical sterilization. The extent and nature of the problem of the socially inadequate in foreign countries" Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 9 Indiana 1907 Sterilisation Bill International Eugenics Conference "no amount of education or good environment can change a feebleminded individual into a normal one, any more than it can change a red-haired stock into a black-haired stock.” Henry H. Goddard, The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness Page 53 "Segregation through colonization seems in the present state of our knowledge to be the ideal and perfectly satisfactory method" Henry H. Goddard, The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness Page 117 "If we would preserve our state for a class of people worthy to possess it, we must prevent, as far as possible, the propagation of mental degenerates.” News and Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol. II (1917), Lewis Turman "The decline in intelligence is due to two factors: the change in the races migrating to this country, and to the additional factor of the sending of lower and lower representatives of each race…. The conclusion [is] that our test results indicate a genuine intellectual superiority of the Nordic group over the Alpine and Mediterranean groups" Carl C. Brigham, A Study of American Intelligence Page 180 "But the danger of the intelligence tests is that in a wholesale system of education, the less sophisticated or the more prejudiced will stop when they have classified and forget that their duty is to educate. They will grade the retarded child instead of fighting the causes of his backwardness. For the whole drift of the propaganda based on intelligence testing is to treat people with low intelligence quotients as congenitally and hopelessly inferior." Walter Lippmann, “The Mental Age of Americans,” New Republic 32, no. 415 (November 15, 1922) (Not Primary source, Wiki referenced it though) "And in the meantime the psychologists will save themselves from the reproach of having opened up a new chance for quackery in a field where quacks breed like rabbits, and they will save themselves from the humiliation of having furnished doped evidence to the exponents of the New Snobbery" Walter Lippmann, “The Mental Age of Americans,” New Republic 32 no. 417 (November 29, 1922). (Not Primary source, Wiki referenced it though) Race Betterment Foundation - The Race Betterment Foundation was a eugenics and racial hygiene organization founded in 1906 at Battle Creek, Michigan by John Harvey Kellogg To purify the breeding stock of the race at all costs is the slogan of eugenics The compulsory sterilization of certain degenerates, is therefore designed as a eugenical agency complementary to the segregation of the socially unfit classes, and to the control of the immigration of those who carry defective germ-plasm." Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 478, Harry H Laughlin "The unprotected females of the socially unfit classes bear, in human society a place comparable to that of the females of mongrel strains of domestic animals,” Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 484, Harry H Laughlin "Indeed Less Than 1,000 sterilizing operations have been performed under the immediate provisions or even under the shadow of the twelve statutes. With this in view, the rate of sterilization required seems high, but, unless the people of the sev eral states are willing to attack the problem entirely... A halfway measure will never strike deeply at the roots of the evil" Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 490, Harry H Laughlin Edwin Katzen-Ellenbog I agree with you … that society has no business to permit degenerates to reproduce their kind …. Some day, we will realize that the prime duty, the inescapable duty, of the good citizen of the right type, is to leave his or her blood behind him in the world; and that we have no business to permit the perpetuation of citizens of the wrong type." Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Charles B. Davenport January 3rd 1913 APS B:D27 Carrie Buck "A social worker stated that Buck was “obviously feebleminded” and that her baby “had a look about it that is not quite normal.” Buck Vs Bell "The judgment finds the facts that have been recited and that Carrie Buck “is the probable potential parent of socially inadequate offspring, likewise afflicted, that she may be sexually sterilized without detriment to her general health and that her welfare and that of society will be promoted by her sterilization,” and thereupon makes the order …. We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the state for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence." Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), US Supreme Court, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr "It is better for all the world if, instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. Three generations of imbeciles are enough." Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), US Supreme Court, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. American Birth Control League "The emergency problem of segregation and sterilization must be faced immediately. Every feeble-minded girl or woman of the hereditary type, especially of the moron class, should be segregated during the reproductive period. Otherwise, she is almost certain to bear imbecile children, who in turn are just as certain to breed other defectives. The male defectives are no less dangerous. Segregation carried out for one or two generations would give us only partial control of the problem. Moreover, when we realize that each feeble-minded person is a potential source of an endless progeny of defect, we prefer the policy of immediate sterilization, of making sure that parenthood is absolutely prohibited to the feeble-minded." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 101-102 "Eugenics seems to me to be valuable in its critical and diagnostic aspects, in emphasizing the danger of irresponsible and uncontrolled fertility of the "unfit" and the feeble-minded establishing a progressive unbalance in human society and lowering the birth-rate among the "fit." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 104 "Even if we accept organized charity at its own valuation, and grant that it does the best it can, it is exposed to a more profound criticism. It reveals a fundamental and ir- remediable defect. Its very success, its very efficiency, its very necessity to the social order, are themselves the most unanswerable indictment. Organized charity itself is the symptom of a malignant social disease. Those vast, complex, interrelated organizations aiming to control and to diminish the spread of misery and destitution and all the menacing evils that spring out of this sinisterly fertile soil, are the surest sign that our civilization has bred, is breeding and is perpetuating constantly increasing numbers of defectives, delinquents and dependents. My criticism, therefore, is not directed at the "failure" of philanthropy, but rather at its success." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 108 "Birth control is not contraception indiscriminately and thoughtlessly practiced. It means the release and cultivation of the better racial elements in our society, and the gradual suppression, elimination and eventual extirpation of defective stocks— those human weeds which threaten the blooming of the finest flowers of American civilization." APOSTLE OF BIRTH CONTROL SEES CAUSE GAINING HERE; Hearing in Albany on Bill to Legalize Practice a Milestone in Long Fight of Margaret Sanger -- Even China Awakening to Need of Selective Methods, She Says BY Margaret Sanger. President American Birth Control League, April 8, 1923, NYT "Her family had been Irish as far back as she could trace; the strain of the Norman conquerors had run true throughout the generations, and may have accounted for her unfaltering courage.” Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 11 "Mother’s eleven children were all ten-pounders or more, and both she and father had a eugenic pride of race" Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 29 "A new movement was starting …. It did not belong to Socialism nor was it in the labor field, and it had much more to it than just the prevention of conception. As a few companions were sitting with me one evening, we debated in turn voluntary parenthood, voluntary motherhood, the new motherhood, constructive generation, and new generation. The terms already in use-Neo-Malthusianism, Family Limitation, and Conscious Generation seemed stuffy and lacked popular appeal. … We tried population control, race control, and birth rate control. Then someone suggested ‘Drop the [word] rate.’ Birth control was the answer“ Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 107-108 "I think of Birth Control as an item … supremely important as an item in the eugenic program…. Birth control, I repeat, is the fundamental, primary element or item in the eugenic program" The Pivot of Civilization in Historical Perspective: The Birth Control Classic By Margaret Sanger, H. G. Wells, Page 177, "Birth control, which has been criticized as negative and destructive, is really the greatest and most truly eugenic method, and its adoption as part of the program of Eugenics would immediately give a concrete and realistic power to that science. As a matter of fact, Birth Control has been concrete and realistic power to that science. As a matter of fact, Birth Control has been accepted by the most clear thinking and far seeing of the Eugenists themselves as the most constructive and necessary of the means to racial health.” The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 189 "Fostering the good-for-nothing at the expense of the good is an extreme cruelty. It is a deliberate storing up of miseries for future generations. There is no greater curse to posterity than that of bequeathing the man increasing population of imbeciles." Herbert Spencer, The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 105 "Such philanthropy … unwittingly promotes precisely the results most deprecated. It encourages the healthier and more normal sections of the world to shoulder the burden of unthinking and indiscriminate fecundity of others; which brings with it, as I think the reader must agree, a dead weight of human waste. Instead of decreasing and aiming to eliminate the stocks that are most detrimental to the future of the race and the world, it tends to render them to a menacing degree dominant. "The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 116-117 "We want fewer and better children … and we cannot make the social life and the world-peace we are determined to make, with the ill-bred, ill-trained swarms of inferior citizens that you inflict upon US.” The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page XVI, HG Wells "sterilization of the insane and feebleminded and the encouragement of this operation upon those afflicted with inherited or transmissible diseases" The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 282, Appendix Aims of the American Birth Control League "The opinions which I summarize here are not so much my own, originally, as those of medical authorities who have made deep and careful investigations." Woman and the New Race by Margaret Sanger Page 86 "Many, perhaps, will think it idle to go farther in demonstrating the immorality of large families, but since there is still an abundance of proof at hand, it may be offered for the sake of those who find difficulty in adjusting old-fashioned ideas to the facts. The most merciful thing that the large family does to one of its infant members is to kill it" Woman and the New Race by Margaret Sanger Page 62-63 "Gentlemen and Ladies, you have not any idea unless you have studied this subject mathematically, how rapidly we could exterminate this contamination if we really got at it, or how rapidly the contamination goes on if we do not get at it.” Irving Fisher, “A Reply,” Official Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment (Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment Foundation, 1915). Page 68 America Eugenics Society "Let us not forget that these billions, millions, thousands of people are increasing, expanding, exploding at a terrific rate every year. Africa, Asia, South America are made up of more than a billion human beings, miserable, poor, illiterate labor slaves, whether they are called that or not; a billion hungry men and women always in the famine zone yet reproducing themselves in the blind struggle for survival and perpetuation." Margaret Sanger, " [Lasker Award Address] ," 25 Oct 1950, Planned Parenthood Federation of America meeting at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York. Margaret Sanger Project, public papers "The second suggestion I would offer as one worthy of national consideration is that of decreasing the progeny of those human beings affiliated with transmissible diseases and dysgenic qualities of body and mind. While our present Federal Governmental Santa Clauses have their hands in the taxpayer's pockets, why not in their generous giving mood be constructive and provide for sterilizing as well as giving a pension, dole -- call it what you may -- to the feeble-minded and the victims of transmissible, congenital diseases? Such a programme would be a sound future investment as well as a kindness to the couples themselves by preventing the birth of dozens of their progeny to become burdens, even criminals of another generation" Margaret Sanger, " [Lasker Award Address] ," 25 Oct 1950, Planned Parenthood Federation of America meeting at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York. Margaret Sanger Project, public papers Anglo-Saxon Clubs Of America Racial Integrity Laws "As color is the most important feature of this form of registration, the local registrar must be sure that there is no trace of colored blood in anyone offering to register as a white person. The penalty for willfully making a false claim as to color is one year in the penitentiary" The New Virginia Law to Preserve Racial Integrity March 1924 "April 30, 1924 Mrs. Robert H. Cheatham Lynchburg, Virginia We have a report of the birth of your child, July 30th, 1923, signed by Mary Gildon, midwife. She says that you are white and that the father of the child is white. We have a correction to this certificate sent to us from the City Health Department at Lynchburg, in which they say that the father of this child is a negro. This is to give you warning that this is a mulatto child and you cannot pass it off as white. A new law passed by the last legislature says that if a child has one drop of negro blood in it, it cannot be counted as white. You will have to do something about this matter and see that this child is not allowed to mix with white children. It cannot go to white schools and can never marry a white person in Virginia. It is an awful thing. Yours very truly, WA. Plecker STATE REGISTRAR" Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Mrs. Robert H. Cheatham and Mrs. Mary Gildon, 30 April 1924: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1924 #1, Virginia Encyclopedia The variation in races is not simply a matter of color of skin, eyes, and hair and facial and bodily contour, but goes through every cell of the body. The mental and moral characteristics of a black man cannot even under the best environments and educational advantages become the same as those of a white man. But even if the negro’s attainments should be considerable, these could not be transmitted to his offspring since personally acquired qualities are not inheritable. Neither can the descendents of the union of the two races if left to their own resources, be expected to develop or maintain the highest type of civilization.” Bureau of Vital Statistics, Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity, (Richmond: Supt. Public Printing, 1924) Page 6-7 "It is evident from this study that the intellectual levels of the negro and the Indian race as now found is below the average for the white race. In the Wins, the early white stock was probably at least of normal ability, i.e. for the white …. [Today, however,] the whole Win tribe is below the average, mentally and socially. They are lacking in academic ability, industrious to a very limited degree and capable of taking little training. Some of them do rather well the few things they know, such as raising tobacco or corn-a few as carpenters or bricklayers, but this has been the result of years of persistent supervision by the white landlords. Less than a dozen men work even reasonably well without a foreman…. Very few could tell the value of either twenty-five or seventy-five cents" Arthur Estabrook and Ivan E. McDougle, Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1926) Page 199-200, Study From the Carnegie Institute of Washington "There is practically no music among them, and they have no sense of rhythm even in the lighter mulatto mixtures. As is well known, the negro is ‘full’ of music. Some of them [the mulattoes] have been given special training in music, but no Win has ever shown any semblance of ability in this line.” Arthur Estabrook and Ivan E. McDougle, Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1926) Page 201, Study From the Carnegie Institute of Washington "testing the worth of immigrants … in their home towns, because that is the only place where one can get eugenical facts …. For example, whether he comes from an industrious or shiftless family.” Biological Aspects of Immigration. Hearings Before the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, House of Representatives, Sixty-sixth Congress, Second Session, April 16-17, 1920. Statement of Harry H. Laughlin Page 4 At a meeting of the Medico-Legal Society, London, where I gave an address (December 1904) upon my proposal to sterilize certain mental and physical degenerates, Sir John McDougall, Chairman of the Asylum Committee, London County Council, said—"One day we shall come to the conclusion that some physical means should be employed to prevent the unfit from producing children." Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 164 "It is in the sterilization of failures, and not in the selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies." Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 164, HG Wells "The negro is seldom content with sexual intercourse with the white woman, but culminates his sexual furor by killing the woman sometimes taking out her womb and eating it. If the United States of America people would cease to prostitute their high mental qualities and recognize this negro as a sexual pervert, it would reflect greater credit upon them; and if they would sterilize this mentally afflicted creature instead of torturing him, they would have a better right to pose as sound thinkers and social reformers.” Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 31-32 "It was believed that the object of the Society being primarily education was so universally established as to make the word education in the title redundant' lady georgina chambers, "notes on the early days of the 'eugenics education society,' Page 33 "Mr. Winston Churchill recalled the fact that there were at least 120,000 feeble-minded persons at large in our midst who deserved " all that could be done for them by a Christian and scientific “at large in our midst” who deserved “all that could be done for them by a Christian and scientific civilization now that they are in the world,” but who should, if possible, be “segregated under proper conditions so that their curse died with them and was not transmitted to future generations.” Editorial Notes”, Eugenics Review vol. 2 (October 1910), Page 163-164, Winston Churchill "The first step to be taken, “ought to be to establish some system by which all children at school reported by their instructors to be specially stupid, all juvenile offenders awaiting trial, all ins-and-outs at workhouses, and all convicted prisoners should be examined by trained experts in mental defects in order to place on a register the names of all those thus ascertained to be definitely abnormal.” Major Leonard Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” Page 34 "It is quite certain that no existing democratic government would go as far as we Eugenists think right in the direction of limiting the liberty of the subject for the sake of the racial qualities of future generations. It is here we find the practical limitation to the possibility of immediate reform: for it is unwise to endeavor to push legislation beyond the bounds set by public opinion because of the dangerous reaction which would probably result from neglecting to pay attention to the prejudices of the electorate.” Major Leonard Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” Page 35 Mental Deficiency Act 1913 "From an historical point of view, the first method which presents itself is execution. This has been used since the beginning of the race, very probably, although rarely with a distinct understanding of its eugenic effect; and its value in keeping up the standard of the race should not be underestimated" Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied Eugenics (New York: Macmillan, 1918), Page 184 "Mistaken regard for what are believed to be divine laws and a sentimental belief in the sanctity of human life tend to prevent both the elimination of defective infants and the sterilization of such adults as are themselves of no value to the community. The laws of nature require the obliteration of the unfit and human life is valuable only when it is of use to the community or race." Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 49 "One may even view with satisfaction the high death rate in an institution for low grade feeble-minded, while one regards as a national disaster the loss of … the infant child of exceptional parents.” Charles B. Davenport , “Presidential Address,” A Decade of Progress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third International Congress of Eugenics (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1934) Page 21 Nevada 1921 Gas Chamber for criminals Grant's work was embraced by proponents of the National Socialist movement in Germany and was the first non-German book ordered to be reprinted by the Nazis when they took power. Adolf Hitler wrote to Grant, "The book is my Bible." Wiki, Atlantic, NYT, AP, Autobiography of Leon R. Whitney, unpublished manuscript circa 1973, p. 205: APS Manuscript Collection (Could not find primary source) "National Socialism is nothing but applied biology" Rudolph Hess, Washington Post, NYT, NY Post (Could not find primary source) "The high percentage of blue eyes is remarkable" Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz, Human Heredity, 3n1 Ed., trans. Eden & Cedar Paul (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1931) Page 198 (using Davenport's US military data) "In the children of Jews who have emigrated from eastern or central Europe to the United States, the skulls are narrower than those of their broad-skulled parents, and this comparative narrowness is more marked in proportion to the number of years that have elapsed since the migration…. Sicilians acquire somewhat broader heads in the United States.” Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz, Human Heredity, 3n1 Ed., trans. Eden & Cedar Paul (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1931) Page 120 “The demand that defective people be prevented from propagating equally defective offspring is a demand of the clearest reason and, if systematically executed, represents the most humane act of mankind. It will spare millions of unfortunates undeserved sufferings, and consequently will lead to a rising improvement of health as a whole.” Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 349 "The Peoples’ State must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure…. It must see to it that only the healthy beget children; that there is only one disgrace: despite one’s own sickness and deficiencies, to bring children into the world…. It must put the most modern medical means in the service of this knowledge. It must declare unfit for propagation all who are in any way visibly sick or who have inherited a disease and can therefore pass it on, and put this into actual practice.” Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 608 "Any crossing of two beings not at exactly the same level produces a medium between the level of the two parents. This means: the off-spring will probably stand higher than the racially lower parent, but not as high as the higher one …. Such mating is contrary to the will of Nature for a higher breeding of all life.” Mein By Adolf Hitler Page 259 "Speaking English, wearing good clothes and going to school and to church do not transform a Negro into a white man. Nor was a Syrian or Egyptian freedman transformed into a Roman by wearing a toga and applauding his favorite gladiator in the amphitheater" Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 16 "What the Melting Pot actually does in practice can be seen in Mexico, where the absorption of the blood of the original Spanish conquerors by the native Indian population has produced the racial mixture which we call Mexican and which is now engaged in" Madison Grant The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 17 "North America, whose population consists in by far the largest part of Germanic elements who mixed but little with the lower colored peoples, shows a different humanity and culture from Central and South America, where the predominantly Latin immigrants often mixed with the aborigines on a large scale" Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 260 "There is today one state in which at least weak beginnings toward a better conception [of immigration] are noticeable. Of course, it is not our model German Republic, but the [United States], in which an effort is made to consult reason at least partially. By refusing immigrants on principle to elements" Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 651 "it is possible to a large extent to prevent unhealthy and severely handicapped beings from coming into the world. I have studied with great interest the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock…. But the possibility of excess and error is still no proof of the incorrectness of these laws. It only exhorts us to the greatest possible conscientiousness …. It seems to me the ultimate in hypocrisy and inner untruth if these same people [social critics]-and it is them, in the main-call the sterilization of those who are severely handicapped physically and morally and of those who are genuinely criminal a sin against God. I despise this sanctimoniousness…. “ Otto Wagener, Hitler: Memoirs of a Confidant, trans. Henry Ashby Turner (Yale University Press, 1987), Pages 145-146 “You will be interested to know, that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought, and particularly by the work of the Human Betterment Foundation. I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.” Human Betterment Foundation, “Report to the Board of Directors of the Human Betterment Foundation for the Year Ending February 12, 1936.”: Baileyl Howe Library: Perkins Papers. (WIKI, WIKI can't find primary source) Heinrich Poll Abraham Flexner James Loeb Rockefeller Foundation funding for Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes and Nazi eugenics Ernst Rudin Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring - Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (Ger. Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses) or "Sterilisation Law" was a statute in Nazi Germany enacted on July 14, 1933, (and made active in January 1934) which allowed the compulsory sterilisation of any citizen who in the opinion of a "Genetic Health Court" (Gr. Erbgesundheitsgericht) suffered from a list of alleged genetic disorders – many of which were not, in fact, genetic. The elaborate interpretive commentary on the law was written by three dominant figures in the racial hygiene movement: Ernst Rüdin, Arthur Gütt and the lawyer Falk Ruttke. The law itself was based on the American Model Eugenical Sterilization Law developed by Harry H. Laughlin. "On July 14, 1933, the Nazi dictatorship enacted the Law for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases. Individuals who were subject to the law were those men and women who “suffered” from any of nine conditions listed in the law: hereditary feeblemindedness, schizophrenia, manic-depressive disorder, hereditary epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea (a rare and fatal degenerative disease), hereditary blindness, hereditary deafness, severe physical deformity, and chronic alcoholism. Gerda D., a shopworker, was one of an estimated 400,000 Germans who were forcibly sterilized" THE BIOLOGICAL STATE: NAZI RACIAL HYGIENE, 1933–1939, Holocaust Encyclopedia "Germany is the first of the world’s major nations to enact a modern eugenical sterilization law for the nation as a unit…. The law recently promulgated by the Nazi Government marks several substantial advances. Doubtless the legislative and court history of the experimental sterilization laws in 27 states of the American union provided the experience, which Germany used in writing her new national sterilization statute. To one versed in the history of eugenical sterilization in America, the text of the German statute reads almost like the ‘American model sterilization law.” Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933 "In the meantime it is announced that the Reich will secure data on prospective sterilization cases, that it will, in fact, in accordance with ‘the American model sterilization law,’ work out a census of its socially inadequate human stocks." Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933, Page 90 "To one acquainted with English and American law, it is difficult to see how the new German sterilization law could, as some have suggested, be deflected from its purely eugenical purpose, and be made ‘an instrument of tyranny', for the sterilization of non-Nordic races. Of the more than 16,000 cases of legal sterilizations, under the recent American state Sterilization statues, no one has ever suggested that in any single case had the state made a eugenical mistake …. One may condemn the Nazi policy generally, but specifically it remained for Germany in 1933 to lead the great nations of the world in the recognition of the biological" Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933, Page 90 Nazis Insist Reich Be ‘Race-Minded No One Knows Exactly What That Means There, Except That Jews Are Target. FRICK EXPOUNDS DOGMA Admits Germans Are Not a Pure Strain, but Rejoices at 'Nordic Accentuation,’” New York Times, 7 January 1934 The University of Heidelberg in Heidelberg, Germany, granted Laughlin an honorary master's degree in 1936 for his work. Carl Schneider honouring Harry H Laughlin "The leader of the German nation, Adolf Hitler, ably supported by Frick and guided by this nation’s anthropologists, eugenists and social philosophers, has been able to construct a comprehensive racial policy of population development and improvement that promises to be epochal in racial history. It sets a pattern which other nations and other racial groups must follow if they do not wish to fall behind in their racial quality, in their racial accomplishments and in their prospects for survival.” U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy,” New York Times, 29 August 1935, Clarence Cambell "It is unfortunate that the anti-Nazi propaganda with which all countries have been flooded has gone far to obscure the correct understanding and the great importance of the German racial policy." The German Racial Policy,” Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936) Page 25 "Nothing is so distinctive in Nazi Germany as its ideas about race. Its concept of racial matters underlies the whole National Socialist philosophy of life and profoundly inf luences both its policies and practices. We cannot intelligently evaluate the Third Reich unless we understand this basic attitude of mind. Unfortunately such understanding is not easy, because the whole subject has been so obscured by passion and propaganda." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 187 "As is well known, the Nazi viewpoint on race and the resultant policies are set forth by Adolf Hitler himself in the pages of Mein Kampf, the Bible of National Socialism. The future Fuehrer therein wrote: “It will be the duty of the People’s State to consider the race as the basis of the community’s existence. It must make sure that the purity of the racial strain will be preserved In order to achieve this end the State will have to avail itself of modern advances in medical science. It must proclaim that all those people are unfit for procreation who are afflicted with some visible hereditary disease, or are the carriers of it … having such people rendered sterile." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 187-188 "The relative emphasis which Hitler gave racialism and eugenics many years ago foreshadows the respective interest toward the two subjects in Germany today. Outside Germany, the reverse is true, due chiefly to Nazi treatment of its Jewish minority. Inside Germany, the Jewish problem is regarded as a passing phenomenon, already settled in principle and soon to be settled in fact by the physical elimination of the Jews themselves from the Third Reich.” Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 189 "The whole build-up thus far had been so magnificent and the attendant psychic atmosphere so impressive that by this time I really did not know what to expect. I had the feeling that I was being ushered into the presence of a Roman Emperor or even an Oriental Potentate. The absurd thought crossed my mind that I might find Der Fuehrer seated on a throne surrounded by flaming swastikas. At that moment I was bidden to the Presence. Turning left, I passed through double doors and entered another large room. To my right hand, near the doorway, was an upholstered sofa and several chairs. At the far end of the room was a flat-topped desk from behind which a figure rose as I entered and came towards me. I saw a man of medium height, clad in a plain officer’s tunic with no decorations save the Iron Cross, black trousers, and regulation military boots. Walking up to where I had halted near the doorway, he gave me a firm handshake and a pleasant smile. It was the Fuehrer." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 205 "I came away convinced that the law was being administered with strict regard for its provisions and that, if anything, judgments were almost too conservative. On the evidence of that one visit, at least, the Sterilization Law is weeding out the worst strains in the Germanic stock in a scientific and truly humanitarian way." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 196 Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen - American Eugenicist for Carnegie Institute who, ended up in the Buchenwald concentration camp, as a doctor killing people brutally Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer - mentioned in Eugenical news 1928, march, Feb, 1929-30, 30-31, 32-33, 34-36 (can't access the actual text as Universities have it locked) "Eugenical News extends best wishes to Dr. O. Freiherr von Verschuer for the success of his work in his new and favorable environment.” "Verschuer’s Institute,” Eugenical News Vol. XX (1935), Pages 59-60 The History of Twins, As a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture” (1875), by Francis Galton "Sex of Twins,” Eugenical News Vol. II (1917) Page 5 "Similar Tumors in Twins,” Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), Pages 71, From Germany, Leipzig "The subject of the genesis of human twins … has a special importance for eugenicists.” R.A. Fisher, “New Data on the Genesis of Twins,” in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I: Scientific Papers of the Second International Congress of Eugenics (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923), Page 195 Josef Menegle "I want clean copy, because these reports will be forwarded to the Institute of Biological, Racial and Evolutionary Research at Berlin-Dahlem.”Thus I learned that the experiments performed here were checked by the highest medical authorities at one of the most famous scientific institutes in the world." Miklos Nyiszli, Auschwitz: A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1993 Page 97 "Work in human genetics should receive special consideration as rapidly as sound possibilities present themselves. The attack planned, however, is a basic and long-range one and such a subject as eugenics, for example, would not be given support.” Natural Sciences-Program and Policy: Past Program and Proposed Future Program,” Pages 79-80 American Society of Human Genetic - Presidents - Herman Joseph Muller " was partly responsible for the whole extermination,” Hirschhorn related emphatically during a February 2003 interview. “He was the one that gave the Nazis the pseudo-genetic rationale to destroy the Jews and Gypsies. He was part of the organization [American Society of Human Genetics] in 1949 because in those days … it was all covered up. No one really knew. But I’ll never forget. I was sitting in his university office in Münster as a young man, and he asked a lot of personal questions about my background, and so forth, until he found out I was Jewish. I knew who he was by that time. I took a great deal of pleasure in telling him that I came to the United States from Austria, and when I turned eighteen, I enlisted in the army and went over there and fought the Nazis-and went right through Münster. He was taken aback." Author’s interview with Dr. Kurt Hirschhorn, 12 February 2003 Hubertus Strughold - was a German-born physiologist and prominent medical researcher. Beginning in 1935 he served as chief of aeromedical research for the Luftwaffe, holding this position throughout World War II. In 1947 he was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip and held a series of high-ranking medical positions with both the US Air Force and NASA. "There can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the Equal Protection Clause…. The freedom to marry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men. Marriage is one of the ‘basic civil rights of man,’ fundamental to our very existence and survival. … To deny this fundamental freedom on so unsupportable a basis as the racial classifications embodied in these [Virginia] statutes, classifications so directly subversive of the principle of equality at the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment, is surely to deprive all the State’s citizens of liberty without due process of law…. These convictions must be reversed. It is so ordered." Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. I (1967)., Wiki "The United States , however , also provides an example for the racial legislation of the world in another respect . Although it is clearly established in the Declaration of Independence that every one born in the United States is a citizen of the United States and so acquires all the rights which an American citizen can acquire , impassable lines are drawn between the individual races , especially in the Southern States . Thus in certain States Japanese are excluded from the ownership of land or real estate and they are prevented from cultivating arable land . Marriages between colored persons and whites are forbidden in no less than 30 of the Federal States. Marriages contracted in spite of this ban are declared invalid . A few might be mentioned here : Alabama : Prohibition of marriage between a Negro or a per son of Negro origin and a white person . A marriage contracted in spite of this is regarded as a crime . Arizona : Marriage between a white person on one side and a Negro , Mongolian , or Indian on the other side is considered null and void . Arkansas : Marriage between a white person on one side and a Negro or Mulatto on the other side is considered illegal and void. California : Marriage between a white person on one side and Negroes , Mongolians , or Mulattoes on the other side is considered illegal and void. Florida : Marriage between a white person and a person who has one - eighth or more of Negro blood is considered null and void Louisiana : Marriage between a colored person and a white , as well as marriage between Indians and blacks , is forbidden . Maryland : Marriage between a white person and a Negro or a descendant of Negroes back to and including the third genera tion is void and considered a crime . This far from complete enumeration should meet the wishes of our collaborators for some examples." Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume IV, Page 1159, Translation Of Hofmann Document 54 Hofmann Defense Exhibit 61 Extract From "Information Service Of The Racial - Political Office Of The Nsdap Reich Administration ", 30 July 1937 , Concerning Race Protection Laws Of Other Countries "In a judgment of the Supreme Court of October 1926 it says , among other things : " It is better for everybody if society , instead of waiting until it has to execute degenerate offspring or leave them to starve because of feeble - mindedness can prevent obviously inferior in dividuals from propagating their kind . The principle justifying compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover the severing of the Fallopian tubes ” Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume IV, Page 1159, Translation Of Hofmann Document 54 Hofmann Defense Exhibit 61 Extract From "Information Service Of The Racial - Political Office Of The Nsdap Reich Administration " , 30 July 1937 , Concerning Race Protection Laws Of Other Countries Tage Kemp The Institute of Human Genetics Copenhagen "I don't want it. I don't approve of it, sir. I don't want a sterilize operation.... Let me go home, see if I get along all right. Have mercy on me and let me do that. — A woman pleading with the eugenics board, 1945" Lifting the Curtain on a Shameful Era,” Winston-Salem Journal. "Major eugenics research at Wake Forest University was paid for by a patron whose long history of ties to science had a racial agenda that included a visit to a 1935 Nazi eugenics conference and extensive efforts to overturn key civil-rights legislation." Lifting the Curtain on a Shameful Era,” Winston-Salem Journal "the other organizations set up in this country under eminent sponsorship have long since disappeared…. Was it because … some of the early eugenicists placed a false and distasteful emphasis on race and social class? … Was it because of the emotional reaction to Hitler’s excesses and his misuse of the word ‘eugenics’? Or did it go deeper.” History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 4, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers "All those present agree that the time was not right for aggressive eugenic propaganda." Frederick Osborn, “History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 17, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers "Grants were received from the Dodge fund, the Population Council, the Draper fund" Frederick Osborn, “History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 17, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers Unverified Sources "The writers of this paper are fully conscious of the slenderness of their data; they have themselves stated that many of their conclusions are probabilities … rather than demonstrations. They will no doubt be upbraided with publishing anything at all, either on the ground that what they are dealing with is ‘crude and worthless material’ or that as ‘mathematical outsiders,’ they are incapable of dealing with a medico-social problem.” A Second Study of the Influence of Parental Alcoholism on the Physique and Ability of the Offspring, Karl Pearson "The educated man and the scientist is as prone as any other to become the victim … of his prejudices…. He will in defense there of make shipwreck of both the facts of science and the methods of science … by perpetrating every form of fallacy, inaccuracy and distortion.” A Second Study of the Influence of Parental Alcoholism on the Physique and Ability of the Offspring, Karl Pearson "a race whose mental development is, on the average, far below the average of the Caucasian. Is there a prospect that we may through the education of the individual produce an improved race so that we may hope at last that the negro mind shall be as teachable, as elastic, as original, and as fruitful as the Caucasian’s? Or must future generations, indefinitely, start from the same low plane and yield the same meager results? We do not know; we have no data. Prevailing ‘opinion’ says we must face the latter alternative. If this were so, it would be best to export the black race at once" letter, charles b. davenport to john s. billings, 3 may 1903: aps b-d27 cold spring harbor beginnings correspondence # 1. davenport, “a summary of progress,” "If the hereditary blind whose intended marriage has been adjudged to be dangerous, prefer to go to prison at the expense of the taxpayer that would probably be cheapest for the community and kindest to possible children … and a better protection against future defectives" Letter, Lucien Howe to Charles B. Davenport and Harry H. Laughlin, 10 F ebruary 1923: APS 77 Series I "The Medical Division of the Prussian Government has asked me to prepare a review of the eugenical laws and Vorschriften [regulations] which have already been introduced into the differed States of your country… Of especial interest are the marriage certificates (Ehebestimmung)-certificates of health required for marriage, laws forbidding" Letter, Erwin Baur to Charles B. Davenport, 24 November 1920: APS B:D27 - Davenport & Baur. "It is at present extraordinarily difficult [here in Germany] to gather together the desired material [about u.S. legislation. I am thinking, however, that perhaps in your institute [Carnegie Institution] all this material has been already gathered. That, perhaps, there may be some recent printed report on the matter. If my idea is correct I would be exceedingly thankful to you if you could help me with a collection of the material." Letter, Erwin Baur to Charles B. Davenport, 24 November 1920: APS B:D27 - "the dying out of the gifted families … of the north american union [united states] proceeds not less rapidly; and also among us in europe…. i think one ought not to look at the collapse of the best elements of the race without action “are the gifted families in america maintaining themselves?” eugenical news vol. xi (1926) "The fact that among the Jews the incidence of blindness is greater than among the remainder of the population of Germany (the ratio is 63 to 53) is doubtless due to the increased danger of hereditary transmission resulting from marriage between blood relatives.” Berlin: From Our Regular Correspondent,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 101 No. 11 (Sept. 9,1933) "We propose devoting an early number of the Eugenical News entirely to Germany, and to make Dr. Frick’s paper the leading article. Dr. Frick’s address sounds exactly as though spoken by a perfectly good American eugenicist in reference to what ‘ought to be done,’ with this difference, that Dr. Frick, instead of being a mere scientist is a powerful Reichsrninister in a dictatorial government which is getting things done in a nation of sixty million people. Dr. Frick’s speech marks a milepost in statesmanship. The new German attitude and resolution mean that in the future, regardless of nationality, every statesman, who takes the long view of his country’s problems, will be compelled to look primarily to eugenics for their solution" 97. “Nazis Insist Reich Be ‘Race-Minded.’” Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Madison Grant, 13 January 1934: Truman D-2-5:5 "This State Cause does not only concern Germany but all European peoples. But may we be the first to thank this one man, Adolf Hitler, and to follow him on the way towards a biological salvation of humanity.” Carl Hammesfahr, “The Mother of Nations,” in “Eugenical Propaganda in Germany,” Eugenical News, Vol. XIX (1934), p. 45 "Recently the American Committee Against Fascist Oppression in Germany declared that the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, a German institute for psychiatric research with headquarters in Munich, and subsidized by the Rockefeller Foundation is carrying on a bitter pro-Nazi agitation…. The Committee accuses the Institute of spreading Nazi propaganda under the cloak of science and paid for by the money of the Rockefeller Foundation…. One of the Institute’s departments, devoted to the study of racial theories, has ‘proved’ through ‘scientific claims’ that Hitler’s theory regarding the superiority of the ‘Nordic race’ and the inferiority of the Semitic and other races is altogether correct …. Dr. Theodore Lang, founder of the National Socialist Doctors’ Association, is also a research worker at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute; his Doctors’ Association is carrying on a bitter campaign against Jewish physicians in Germany." Letter, Benson Y. Landis to the Rockefeller Foundation, 20 February 1934: RF 1.1 717 9 56 "For this purpose, it would be necessary to define a Jew. Tentatively, such a definition might read, ‘A Jew is a person fifty percent or more of whose ancestry are generally recognized as being Jewish in race. The definition applies entirely to race and in no manner to religion" Harry H. Laughlin, “Jewish Studies: Outline of a Plan for the Determination of Jewish Racial Quota-Fulfillments Among Both Institutional and College Jews in the United States,” memorandum circa 1924: Truman C-2-4:5 "We have struggled for years to rid the word eugenics of all racial and social connotations and have finally been successful with most scientists, if not with the public" Letter, Frederick Osborn to Sheldon E. Hermanson, 12 April 1965: APS: AES Records - Osborn Papers

"There is, it must be confessed, a psychological difficulty about a single world government. The chief source of social cohesion in the past, I repeat, has been war: the passions that inspire a feeling of unity are hate and fear. These depend upon the existence of an enemy, actual or potential. It seems to follow that a world government could only be kept in being by force, not by the spontaneous loyalty that now inspires a nation at war. I will return to this problem at a later stage." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 27 "The social psychologists of the future will have a number of classes of school children on whom they will try different methods of producing an unshakable conviction that snow is black. Various results will soon be arrived at. First, that the influence of home is obstructive. Second, that not much can be done unless indoctrination begins before the age of ten. Third, that verses set to music and repeatedly intoned are very effective. Fourth, that the opinion that snow is white must be held to show a morbid taste for eccentricity. But I anticipate. It is for future scientists to make these maxims precise and discover exactly how much it costs per head to make children believe that snow is black, and how much less it would cost to make them believe it is dark gray. Although this science will be diligently studied, it will be rigidly confined to the governing class. The populace will not be allowed to know how its convictions were generated. When the technique has been perfected, every government that has been in charge of education for a generation will be able to control its subjects securely without the need of armies or policemen. As yet there is only one country which has succeeded in creating this politician's paradise." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 30 "The completeness of the resulting control over opinion depends in various ways upon scientific technique. Where all children go to school, and all schools are controlled by the government, the authorities can close the minds of the young to everything contrary to official orthodoxy. Printing is impossible without paper, and all paper belongs to the State. Broadcasting and the cinema are equally public monopolies. The only remaining possibility of unauthorized propaganda is by secret whispers from one individual to another. But this, in turn, is rendered appallingly dangerous by improvements in the art of spying." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 45-46 "It is to be expected that advances in physiology and psychology will give governments much more control over individual mentality than they now have even in totalitarian countries. Fichte laid it down that education should aim at destroying free will, so that, after pupils have left school, they shall be incapable, throughout the rest of their lives, of thinking or acting otherwise than as their schoolmasters would have wished... In future such failures are not likely to occur where there is dictatorship. Diet, injections, and injunctions will combine, from a very early age, to produce the sort of character and the sort of beliefs that the authorities consider desirable, and any serious criticism of the powers that be will become psychologically impossible. Even if all are miserable, all will believe themselves happy, because the government will tell them that they are so." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 49-50 "A totalitarian government with a scientific bent might do things that to us would seem horrifying. The Nazis were more scientific than the present rulers of Russia, and were more inclined towards the sort of atrocities than I have in mind. They were said-I do not know with what truth to use prisoners in concentration camps as material for all kinds of experiments, some involving death after much pain. If they had survived, they would probably have soon taken to scientific breeding. Any nation which adopts this practice will, within a generation, secure great military advantages. The system, one may surmise, will be something like this: except possibly in the governing aristocracy, all but 5 per cent of males and 30 per cent of females will be sterilized. The 30 per cent of females will be expected to spend the years from eighteen to forty in reproduction, in order to secure adequate cannon fodder. As a rule, artificial insemination will be preferred to the natural method." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 50 "I do not pretend that birth control is the only way in which population can be kept from increasing. There are others, which, one must suppose, opponents of birth control would prefer. War, as I remarked a moment ago, has hitherto been disappointing in this respect, but perhaps bacteriological war may prove more effective. If a Black Death could be spread throughout the world once in every generation survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 103 "There are three ways of securing a society that shall be stable as regards population. The first is that of birth control, the second that of infanticide or really destructive wars, and the third that of general misery except for a powerful minority" The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 104 "These considerations prove that a scientific world society cannot be stable unless there is a world government. It may be said, however, that this is a hasty conclusion. All that follows directly from what has been said is 'that, unless there is a world government which' secures universal birth control, there must from time to time be great wars, in which the penalty of defeat is widespread death by starvation. That is exactly the present state of the world, and some may hold that there is no reason why it should not continue for centuries. I do not myself believe that this is possible. The two great wars that we have experienced have lowered the level of civilization in many parts of the world, and the next is pretty sure to achieve much more in this direction. Unless, at some stage, one power or group of powers emerges victorious and proceeds to establish a single government of the world with a monopoly of armed force, it is clear that the level of civilization must continually decline until scientific warfare becomes impossible-that is until science is extinct." The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 104-105 "The need for a world government, if the population problem is to be solved in any humane manner, is completely evident on Darwinian principles. Given two groups, of which one has an increasing and the other a stationary population, the one with the increasing population will (other things being equal) in time become the stronger. After victory, it will cut down the food supply of the vanquished, of whom many will die! Therefore there will be a continually renewed victory of those nations that, from a world point of view, are unduly prolific. This is merely the modern form of the old struggle for existence. And given scientific powers of destruction, a world which allows this struggle to continue cannot be stable" The Impact of Science on Society By Bertrand Russell Page 105

"The advantages of world-wide organization, both in preventing the waste of economic competition and in removing the danger of war, are so great as to be becoming an essential condition for the survival of societies possessing scientific technique. This argument is overwhelming in comparison with all counter arguments, and renders almost unimportant the question whether life in an organized world State will be more or less satisfactory than life at the present day. For it is only in the direction of an organized world State that the human race can develop unless it abandons scientific technique," Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 218-219 "The advantages to be derived from an organized world State are great and obvious. There will be, in the first place, security against war and a saving of almost the whole effort and expense now devoted to competitive armaments: there will be, one must suppose, a single highly efficient fighting machine, employing mainly aeroplanes and chemical methods of warfare, which will be quite obviously irresistible, and will therefore not be resisted. The central government may be changed from time to time by a palace revolution, but this will only alter the personnel of the figure-heads, not the essential organization of government. The central government will, of course, forbid the propaganda of nationalism, by means of which at present anarchy is maintained, and will put in its place a propaganda of loyalty to the world State. It follows that such an organization, if it can subsist for a generation, will be stable. The gain from an economic point of view will be enormous : there will be no waste in competitive production, no uncertainty as to employment, no poverty, no sudden alternations of good and bad times; every man willing to work will be kept in comfort, and every man unwilling to work will be kept in prison. When owing to any circumstances the work upon which a man has hitherto been employed is no longer required, he will be taught some new kind of work, and will be adequately maintained while he is learning his new trade. Economic motives will be employed to regulate population, which will probably be kept stationary. Almost all that is tragic in human life will be eliminated, and even death will seldom come before old age." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 219-220 "Whether men will be happy in this Paradise I do not know. Perhaps biochemistry will show us how to make any man happy, provided he has the necessaries of life; perhaps dangerous sports will be organized or those whom boredom would otherwise turn into anarchists; perhaps sport will take over the cruelty which will have been banished from politics; perhaps football will be replaced by play battles in the air in which death will be the penalty of defeat. It may be that so long as men are allowed to seek death, they will not mind having to seek it in a trivial cause: to fall through the air before a million spectators may come to be thought a glorious death even if it has no purpose but the amusement of a holiday crowd. It may be that in some such way a safety valve can be provided for the anarchic and violent forces in human nature; or again, it may be that by wise education and suitable diet men may be cured of all their unruly impulses, and all life may become as quiet as a Sunday school." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 220-221 "There will, of course, be a universal language, which will be either Esperanto or pidgin-English. The literature of the past will for the most part not be translated into this language, since its outlook and emotional background will be considered unsettling: serious students of history will be able to obtain a permit from the Government to study such works as Hamlet and Othello, but the general public will be forbidden access to them on the ground that they glorify private murder; boys will not be allowed to read books about pirates or Red Indians; love themes will be discouraged on the ground that love, being anarchic, is silly, if not wicked. All this will make life very pleasant for the virtuous." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 221 "I think it probable, however, that almost all interferences with liberty for which there is a theoretical justification will, in time, be carried out in practice, because scientific technique is gradually making governments so strong that they need not consider outside opinion. The result of this will be that governments will be able to interfere with individual liberty wherever in their opinion there is a sound reason for so doing, and for the reason just given, this will be much more often than it should be. For this reason scientific technique is likely to lead to a governmental tyranny which may in time prove disastrous." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 231 "The society of experts which I am imagining will embrace all eminent men of science except a few wrong-headed and anarchical cranks. It will possess the sole up to date armaments and will be the repository of all new secrets in the art of war. There will, therefore, be no more war, since resistance by the unscientific will be doomed to obvious failure. The society of experts will control propaganda and education. It will teach loyalty to the world government, and make nationalism high treason. The government, being an oligarchy, will instill submissiveness into the great bulk of the population…It is possible that it may invent ingenious ways of concealing its own power, leaving the forms of democracy intact, and allowing the plutocrats or politicians to imagine that they are cleverly controlling these forms…whatever the outward forms may be, all real power will come to be concentrated in the hands of those who understand the art of scientific manipulation" Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 243-44 "The control of raw materials is a matter which in any scientific society would be governed by a central authority. At present the important raw materials are controlled by military power. The weak nation possessed of oil soon finds itself under the suzerainty of some stronger nation. The Transvaal lost its independence because it contained gold. Raw materials ought not to belong to those who, by conquest or diplomacy, have happened to acquire the territory in which they are ; they ought to belong to a world authority who would ration them to those who had the most skill utilising them… In a scientific world the supply of any vital raw material will be carefully estimated, and as the moment of its exhaustion approaches scientific research will be directed to the discovery of a substitute. But uranium and thorium, or any other raw materials suitable for generating atomic energy, should be retained in the hands of the international authority." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 247-248 "Education in a scientific society may, I think, be best conceived after the analogy of the education provided by the Jesuits. The Jesuits provided one sort of education for the boys who were to become ordinary men of the world, and another for those who were to become members of the Society of Jesus. In like manner, the scientific rulers will provide one kind of education for ordinary men and women, and another for those who are to become holders of scientific power. Ordinary men and women will be expected to be docile, industrious, punctual, thoughtless, and contented. Of these qualities probably contentment will be considered the most important. In order to produce it, all the researchers of psycho-analysis, behaviourism, and biochemistry will be brought into play. Children will be educated from their earliest years in the manner which is found least likely to produce complexes. Almost all will be normal, happy, healthy boys or girls. Their diet will not be left to the caprices of parents, but will be such as the best biochemists recommend. They will spend much time in the open air, and will be given no more book-learning than is absolutely necessary. Upon the temperament so formed, docility will be imposed by the methods of the drill-sergeant, or perhaps by the softer methods employed upon Boy Scouts. All the boys and girls will learn from an early age to be what is called "co-operative," i.e. to do exactly what everybody is doing. Initiative will be discouraged in these children, and insubordination, without being punished, will be scientifically trained out of them. Their education throughout will be in great part manual, and when their school years come to an end they will be taught a trade. In deciding what trade they are to adopt, experts will appraise their aptitudes. Formal lessons, insofar as they exist, will be conducted by means of the cinema or the radio, so that one teacher can give simultaneous lessons in all the classes throughout a whole country. The giving of these lessons will, of course, be recognized as a highly skilled undertaking, reserved for the members of the governing class. All that will be required locally to replace the present-day school teacher will be a lady to keep order, though it is hoped that the children will be so well-behaved that they will seldom require this estimable person's services." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 251-252 "Those children, on the other hand, who are destined to become members of the governing class will have a very different education. They will be selected, some before birth, some during the first three years of life, and a few between the ages of three and six. All the best-known science will be applied to the simultaneous development of intelligence and will-power. Eugenics, chemical and thermal treatment of the embryo, and diet in early years will be used with a view to the production of the highest possible ultimate ability. The scientific outlook will be instilled from the moment that a child can talk, and throughout the early impressionable years the child will be carefully guarded from contact with the ignorant and unscientific. From infancy up to twenty-one, scientific knowledge will be poured into him, and at any rate from the age of twelve upwards he will specialize on those sciences for which he shows the most aptitude. At the same time he will be taught physical toughness ; he will be encouraged to roll naked in the snow, to fast occasionally for twenty-four hours, to run many miles on hot days, to be bold in all physical adventures and uncomplaining when he suffers physical pain. From the age of twelve upwards he will be taught to organize children slightly younger than himself, and will suffer severe censure if groups of such children fail to follow his lead. A sense of his high destiny will be constantly set before him, and loyalty towards his order will be so axiomatic that it will never occur to him to question it. Every youth will thus be subjected to a threefold training: in intelligence, in self-command, and in command over others. If he should fail in any one of these three, he will suffer the terrible penalty of degradation to the ranks of common workers, and will be condemned for the rest of his life to associate with men and women vastly inferior to himself in education and probably in intelligence. The spur of this fear will suffice to produce industry in all but a very small minority of boys and girls of the governing class. Except for the one matter of loyalty to the world State and to their own order, members of the governing class will be encouraged to be adventurous and full of initiative. It will be recognized that it is their business to improve scientific technique, and to keep the manual workers contented by means of continual new amusements. As those upon whom all progress depends, they must not be unduly tame, nor so drilled as to be incapable of new ideas. Unlike the children destined to be manual workers, they will have personal contact with their teacher, and will be encouraged to argue with him. It will be his business to prove himself in the right if he can, and, if not, to acknowledge his error gracefully. There will, however, be limits to intellectual freedom, even among the children of the governing class. They will not be allowed to question the value of science, or the division of the population into manual workers and experts." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 253-54 "A profound sense of public duty will be instilled into boys and girls of the governing class as soon as they are able to understand such an idea. They will be taught to feel that mankind depends upon them, and that they owe benevolent service especially to the less fortunate classes beneath them." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 255 "If the youth is content to abandon his previous associates and to throw in his lot whole-heartedly with the rulers, he may, after suitable tests, be promoted, but if he shows any regrettable solidarity with his previous associates, the rulers will reluctantly conclude that there is nothing to be done with him except to send him to the lethal chamber before his ill-disciplined intelligence has had time to spread revolt. This will be a painful duty to the rulers, but I think they will not shrink from performing it." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 257 "In normal cases, children of sufficiently excellent heredity will be admitted to the governing class from the moment of conception. I start with this moment rather than with birth, since it is from this moment and not merely from the moment of birth that the treatment of the two classes will be different. If, however, by the time the child reaches the age of three, it is fairly clear that he does not attain the required standard, he will be degraded at that point. I assume that by that time it will be possible to judge of the intelligence of a child of three with a fair measure of accuracy. Cases in which there is doubt, which should, however, be few, will be subjected to careful observation up to the age of six, at which moment one supposes the official decision will be possible except in a few rare instances. Conversely, children born of manual workers may be promoted at any moment between the age of three and six, but only in quite rare instances at later ages. I think it may be assumed, however, that there would be a very strong tendency for the governing class to become hereditary, and that after a few generations not many children would be moved from either class into the other. This is especially likely to be the case if embryological methods of improving the breed are applied to the governing class, but not to the others. In this way the gulf between the two classes as regards native intelligence may become continually wider and wider. This will not lead to the abolition of the less intelligent class, since the rulers will not wish to undertake uninteresting manual work, or to be deprived of the opportunity for exercising benevolence and public spirit which they derive from the management of the manual workers." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 257-258 "We may, I think, assume that both the quantity and the quality of the population will be carefully regulated by the State, but that sexual intercourse apart from children will be regarded as a private matter so long as it is not allowed to interfere with work. As regards quantity, the State statisticians will determine as carefully as they can whether the population of the world at the moment is above or below the number which leads to the greatest material comfort per head. They will also take account of all such changes of technique as can be foreseen. No doubt the usual rule will be to aim at a stationary population, but if some important invention, such as artificial food, should greatly cheapen the production of necessaries, an increase of population might for a time be thought wise. I shall, however, assume that, in normal times, the world government will decree a stationary population" Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 259 "It is probable that there will be certain kinds of labour mainly performed by negroes, and that manual workers in general will be bred for patience and muscle rather than for brains. The governors and experts, on the contrary, will be bred chiefly for their intellectual powers and their strength of character. Assuming that both kinds of breeding are scientifically carried out, there will come to be an increasing divergence between the two types, making them in the end almost different species." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 260 "If the simultaneous regulation of quantity and quality is taken seriously in the future, we may expect that in each generation some 25 percent, of women and some 5 per cent, of men will be selected to be the parents of the next generation, while the remainder of the population will be sterilized, which will in no way interfere with their sexual pleasures, but will merely render these pleasures destitute of social importance. The women who are selected for breeding will have to have eight or nine children each, but will not be expected to perform any other work except the suckling of the children for a suitable number of months. No obstacles will be placed upon their relations with sterile men, or upon the relations of sterile men and women with each other, but reproduction will be regarded as a matter which concerns the State, and will not be left to the free choice of the persons concerned" Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 261-262 "There would be professional nurses in creches, and professional teachers in nursery schools, but they would be considered to be failing in their duty if they felt any special affection for special children. Children who showed any special affection for a particular adult would be separated from that adult." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 264 "The manual workers may, I think, be fairly happy. One may assume that the rulers will be successful in making the manual workers foolish and frivolous; work will not be too severe, and there will be endless amusements of a trivial sort. Owing to sterilization, love affairs need not have awkward consequences so long as they are not between a man and woman who are both of them unsterilized. In this way a life of easygoing and frivolous pleasure may be provided for the manual workers, combined of course with a superstitious reverence for the governors instilled in childhood and prolonged by the propaganda to which adults will be exposed." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 265 "The psychology of the governors will be a more difficult matter. They will be expected to display an arduous and hard-working devotion to the ideal of the scientific State, and to sacrifice to this ideal all the softer sentiments such as love of wife and children. Friendships between fellow-workers, whether of the same or of different sexes, will tend to become ardent, and will not infrequently overstep the limits which the public moralists will have fixed. In such a case the authorities will separate the friends, unless in doing so they will interrupt some important research or administrative undertaking. When for some such public reason friends are not separated, they will be admonished. By means of governmental microphones the censors will listen in to their conversations, and if these should at any time become tinged with sentiment disciplinary measures will be adopted. All the deeper feelings will be frustrated, with the sole exception of devotion to science and the State." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 265-266 "Persons suffering from unendurable boredom will be encouraged to ascend Mount Everest or fly over the South Pole, but the need for such distractions will be regarded as a sign of mental or physical ill-health. In such a world, though there may be pleasure, there will be no joy" Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 266 "Just as the sun worship of the Aztecs demanded the painful death of thousands of human beings annually, so the new scientific religion will demand its holocausts of sacred victims. Gradually the world will grow more dark and more terrible. Strange perversions of instinct will first lurk in the dark corners and then gradually overwhelm the men in high places. Sadistic pleasures will not suffer the moral condemnation that will be meted out to the softer joys, since, like the persecutions of the Inquisition, they will be found in harmony with the prevailing asceticism. In the end such a system must break down either in an orgy of bloodshed or in the rediscovery of joy." Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 267 "Perhaps by means of injections and drugs and chemicals the population could be induced to bear whatever its scientific masters may decide to be for its good. New forms of drunkenness involving no subsequent headache may be discovered, and new forms of intoxication may be invented so delicious that for their sakes men are willing to pass their sober hours in misery. All these are possibilities in a world governed by knowledge without love, and power without delight. The man drunk with power is destitute of wisdom, and so long as he rules the world, the world will be a place devoid of beauty and of joy". Bertrand Russell, The Scientific Outlook Page 267-268

Technocracy "in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite" Eisenhower’s Farewell Address to the Nation, January 17, 1961 Technocracy Movement "Technocracy is the science of social engineering, the scientific operation of the entire social mechanism to produce and distribute goods and services to the entire population" What Is Technocracy?”, The Technocrat, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1938 Page 2 Howard Scott "Register on a continuous 24 hour-per-day basis the total net conversion of energy. By means of the registration of energy converted and consumed, make possible a balanced load. Provide a continuous inventory of all production and consumption. Provide a specific registration of the type, kind, etc., of all goods and services, where produced and where used. Provide specific registration of the consumption of each individual, plus a record and description of the individual" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 232 "The end-products attained by a high-energy social mechanism on the North American Continent will be: (a) A high physical standard of living, (b) a high standard of public health, (ç) a minimum of unnecessary labor, (d) a minimum of wastage of non-replaceable resources, (e) an educational system to train the entire younger generation indiscriminately as regards all considerations other than inherent ability… Continental system of human conditioning. The achievement of these ends will result from a centralized control with a social organization built along functional lines" Scott and Hubbard, Technocracy Study Course, (Technocracy, Inc., 1934) Page 240 "A strong but non-imperialistic Germany rising to the heights of prosperity through the proper application of technocracy was pictured to the German masses in the usual week-end barrage of speeches by Nazi leaders today" Hitler Demands Troops Lead Reich,” The New York Times , August 21, 1933 "Germany has her own technocratic movement in the Technokratische Union with headquarters in Berlin. Although it has taken its name from its American counterpart, it is not an offshoot of the latter but an indigenous growth. Nevertheless, German technocracy, which has just taken organized form, agrees with the American brand on all but two major points." Germans Modify Our Technocracy,” The New York Times , January 22, 1933 "Like their American economic kin, they are against capitalism, against the profit system and against the gold standard… The German technocratic union is in touch with Howard Scott in New York and dreams of creating an international technocratic organization, which, indeed, its leaders deem indispensable for realizing the technocratic ideal." Germans Modify Our Technocracy,” The New York Times, January 22, 1933 "[The technetronic era] involves the gradual appearance of a more controlled and directed society. Such a society would be dominated by an elite whose claim to political power would rest on allegedly superior scientific know-how. Unhindered by the restraints of traditional liberal values, this elite would not hesitate to achieve its political ends by using the latest modern techniques for influencing public behavior and keeping society under close surveillance and control." Between Two Ages: America's Role in the Technetronic Era Page 252-53, By Zbiginew Brzezinski "My proposal is to set a global quota for fossil fuel combustion every year, and to share it equally between all the adults in the world." Judith Hanna, “Toward a single carbon currency”, New Scientist, April 29, 1995 "Imagine a country where carbon becomes a new currency. We carry bankcards that store both pounds and carbon points. When we buy electricity, gas and fuel, we use our carbon points, as well as pounds. To help reduce carbon emissions, the Government would set limits on the amount of carbon that could be used." David Miliband The Telegraph 20th of July 2006 "To build a carbon market, its originators must create a currency of carbon credits that participants can trade.” Hannah Fairfield, “When Carbon Is Currency”, The New York Times, May 6, 2007 "Lord Smith of Finsbury believes that implementing individual carbon allowances for every person will be the most effective way of meeting the targets for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. It would involve people being issued with a unique number which they would hand over when purchasing products that contribute to their carbon footprint, such as fuel, airline tickets and electricity. Like with a bank account, a statement would be sent out each month to help people keep track of what they are using. If their “carbon account” hits zero, they would have to pay to get more credits" Everyone in Britain could be given a personal ‘carbon allowance’”, The Telegraph (UK) , November 9, 2009 "It is now possible to use a plastic card similar to today’s credit card embedded with a microchip. This chip could contain all the information needed to create an energy distribution card as described in this booklet. Since the same information would be provided in whatever forms best suits the latest technology, however, the concept of an “Energy Distribution Card” is what is explained here" An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy, Inc., website, 2009 (Adapted from an article in the Technocracy Magazine, July 1937) "The certificate will be issued directly to the individual. It is nontransferable and nonnegotiable; therefore, it cannot be stolen, lost, loaned, borrowed, or given away. It is noncumulative; therefore, it cannot be saved, and it does not accrue or bear interest. It need not be spent but loses its validity after a designated time period" Howard Scott, “An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy Magazine , 1937 "The card will be issued directly to the individual. It is nontransferable and non negotiable; therefore, it cannot be stolen, lost, loaned, borrowed or given away. It is noncumulative; therefore it cannot be saved, and it does not accrue or bear interest. It need not be spent but loses its validity after a designated time period." An Energy Distribution Card”, Technocracy, Inc., website, 2009 (Adapted from an article in the Technocracy Magazine, July 1937, updated version of paragraph above) "The banks are preparing to do with carbon what they’ve done before: design and market derivatives contracts that will help client companies hedge their price risk over the long term. They’re also ready to sell carbon-related financial products to outside investors" Carbon Capitalists Warming to Climate Market Using Derivatives”, Bloomberg , December 4, 2009 "The nerds are running the show in today’s China. In the twenty years since Deng Xiaoping’s [1978-79] reforms kicked in, the composition of the Chinese leadership has shifted markedly in favor of technocrats. ...It’s no exaggeration to describe the current regime as a technocracy. After the Maoist madness abated and Deng Xiaoping inaugurated the opening and reforms that began in late 1978, scientific and technical intellectuals were among the first to be rehabilitated. Realizing that they were the key to the Four Modernizations embraced by the reformers, concerted efforts were made to bring the “experts” back into the fold. During the 1980s, technocracy as a concept was much talked about, especially in the context of so-called “Neo-Authoritarianism” -- the principle at the heart of the “Asian Developmental Model” that South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan had pursued with apparent success. The basic beliefs and assumptions of the technocrats were laid out quite plainly: Social and economic problems were akin to engineering problems and could be understood, addressed, and eventually solved as such. The open hostility to religion that Beijing exhibits at times -- most notably in its obsessive drive to stamp out the “evil cult” of Falun Gong -- has pre-Marxist roots. Scientism underlies the post-Mao technocracy, and it is the orthodoxy against which heresies are measured" Made In China: Revenge Of The Nerds, Time Magazine , June, 2001 "Both men have been described as “technocrats” in major newspapers. What, exactly, is a technocrat?…An expert, not a politician. Technocrats make decisions based on specialized information rather than public opinion… The word technocrat can also refer to an advocate of a form of government in which experts preside.… in the United States, technocracy was most popular in the early years of the Great Depression. Inspired in part by the ideas of economist Thorstein Veblen, the movement was led by engineer Howard Scott, who proposed radical utopian ideas and solutions to the economic disaster in scientific language. His movement, founded in 1932, drew national interest." What’s a Technocrat”, Slate , November 11, 2011 The Internet, Big Tech and The Relationship With Intelligence, Governments and The Military "The fact is, as I see it, that the military greatly needs solutions to many or most of the problems that will arise if we tried to make good use of the facilities that are coming into existence. I am hoping that there will be, in our individual efforts, enough evident advantage in cooperative programming and operation to lead us to solve the problems and, thus, to bring into being the technology that the military needs. When problems arise clearly in the military context and seem not to appear in the research context, then ARPA can take steps to handle them on an ad hoc basis. As I say, however, hopefully, many of the problems will be essentially the same, and essentially as important, in the research context as in the military context." J. C. R. Licklider, “Memorandum for Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network,” Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 23, 1963, Edward A. Feigenbaum Papers collection, Stanford University "The secret computer network was made possible by dramatic breakthroughs in the technique of hooking different makes and models of computers together so they can talk to one another and share information. It’s a whole new technology that not many people know about. If you pay taxes, or use a credit card, if you drive a car, or have ever served in the military, if you’ve ever been arrested, or even investigated by a police agency, if you’ve had major medical expenses or contributed to a national political party, there is information on you somewhere in some computer. Congress has always been afraid that computers, if all linked together, could turn the government into “big brother” with the computers making it dangerously easy to keep tabs on everyone." Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975). Page 5 "According to confidential sources, much of the material that was computerized has been copied and transferred, and much of it has been shared with other agencies where it has been integrated into other intelligence files.… In January 1972, at least part of the computerized Army domestic surveillance files were stored in the NSA’s Harvest computer at Fort Meade, Maryland. Through the use of a defense department computer network, the materials were transmitted and copied in Massachusetts at MIT, and were stored at the Army’s Natick Research Center." Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975). Page 10 "Larry’s refusal to engage the privacy discussion with the public always frustrated me. I remained convinced we could start with basic information and build an information center that would be clear and forthright about the tradeoffs users made when they entered their queries on Google or any other search engine..Those who truly cared would see we were being transparent. Even if they didn’t like our policies on data collection or retention, they would know what they were. If they went elsewhere to search, they would be taking a chance that our competitors’ practices were far worse than ours,” Douglas Edwards I'm Feeling Lucky, The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 of Page 345 "No. 4417749 conducted hundreds of searches over a three-month period on topics ranging from “numb fingers” to “60 single men” to “dog that urinates on everything.” And search by search, click by click, the identity of AOL user No. 4417749 became easier to discern. There are queries for “landscapers in Lilburn, Ga,” several people with the last name Arnold and “homes sold in shadow lake subdivision gwinnett county georgia.” It did not take much investigating to follow that data trail to Thelma Arnold, a 62-year-old widow who lives in Lilburn, Ga., frequently researches her friends’ medical ailments and loves her three dogs" Michael Barbaro and Tom Zeller Jr., “A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749,” New York Times , August 9, 2006 "Allowing the extraction of this content from e-mail messages is likely to have profound consequences for privacy. First, if companies can view private messages to pitch advertising, it is a matter of time before law enforcement will seek access to detect criminal conspiracies. All too often in Washington, one hears policy wonks asking, ‘if credit card companies can analyze your data to sell your cereal, why can’t the FBI mine your data for terrorism" Testimony of Chris Jay Hoofnagle, Director, Electronic Privacy Information Center West Coast Office, Privacy Risks of E-mail Scanning,” California Senate Judiciary Committee, March 15, 2005 "The program, involving a tool called Greyball, uses data collected from the Uber app and other techniques to identify and circumvent officials who were trying to clamp down on the ride-hailing service. Uber used these methods to evade the authorities in cities like Boston, Paris and Las Vegas, and in countries like Australia, China and South Korea." How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide,” New York Times , March 3, 2017 "At the time, Uber had just started its ride-hailing service in Portland without seeking permission from the city, which later declared the service illegal. To build a case against the company, officers like Mr. England posed as riders, opening the Uber app to hail a car and watching as miniature vehicles on the screen made their way toward the potential fares. But unknown to Mr. England and other authorities, some of the digital cars they saw in the app did not represent actual vehicles. And the Uber drivers they were able to hail also quickly canceled. That was because Uber had tagged Mr. England and his colleagues — essentially Greyballing them as city officials — based on data collected from the app and in other ways. The company then served up a fake version of the app, populated with ghost cars, to evade capture" How Uber Deceives the Authorities Worldwide,” New York Times , March 3, 2017 Google’s former CEO, said in a moment of candour in 2010. “Because we know where you are. We know where you’ve been. We can more or less guess what you’re thinking about.” He later added: “One day we had a conversation where we figured we could just try to predict the stock market. And then we decided it was illegal. So we stopped doing that.” Google’s Earth: how the tech giant is helping the state spy on us, The Guardian 20th of December 2018 "now that In-Q-Tel is six years into its venture history, it has seen more of its companies get acquired, while only 10 of its investments have gone under - a pretty good rate for a VC firm. Digital mapping company Keyhole Corp., for example, was bought by Google in October, 2004." Meet The CIA's Venture Capitalist Posted on May 09, 2005, Bloomberg Businessweek "In-Q-Tel, a private nonprofit venture funded by the Central Intelligence Agency, today announced a strategic investment in Keyhole Corp., a pioneer of interactive 3D earth visualization. The investment, made in February 2003, was In-Q-Tel’s first engagement with a company on behalf of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). Immediately demonstrating the value of Keyhole’s technology to the national security community, NIMA used the technology to support United States troops in Iraq. “Within two weeks of In-Q-Tel’s engagement with Keyhole, we implemented the technology to support our mission within the Pentagon,” IN-Q-TEL ANNOUNCES STRATEGIC INVESTMENT IN KEYHOLE JUNE 2003 https://www.iqt.org/in-q-tel-announces-strategic-investment-in-keyhole/. "The CIA bought one of our Google search appliances for their intranet… “I told our sales rep to give them the okay if they promised not to tell anyone. I didn’t want it spooking privacy advocates,” Douglas Edwards I'm Feeling Lucky, The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 of Page 382 "Google has ramped up its sales force in the Washington area in the past year to adapt its technology products to the needs of the military, civilian agencies and the intelligence community. Already, agencies use enhanced versions of Google's 3-D mapping product, Google Earth, to display information for the military on the ground in Iraq and to track airplanes that fight forest fires across the country" Google Makes Its Pitch to Expand Federal Business By Sara Kehaulani Goo and Alec Klein February 28, 2007 "Yesterday, Google's partner, Lockheed Martin, demonstrated a Google Earth product that it helped design for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's work in Iraq. These included displays of key regions of the country and outlined Sunni and Shiite neighborhoods in Baghdad, as well as U.S. and Iraqi military bases in the city." Google Makes Its Pitch to Expand Federal Business By Sara Kehaulani Goo and Alec Klein February 28, 2007 “Please keep close hold, but my team is planning to launch a tool on Sunday that will publicly track and map the defections in Syria and which parts of the government they are coming from… which we believe are important in encouraging more to defect and giving confidence to the opposition" Email from Jared Cohen, “Syria,” July 25, 2012, WikiLeaks, Hillary Clinton Email Archive "Google is getting [White House] and State Dept. support & air cover. In reality, they are doing things the CIA cannot do,” wrote Fred Burton, a Stratfor executive, Newsweek "General Michael Hayden, former director of the NSA and the CIA, called Baker’s comment “absolutely correct,” and raised him one, asserting, “We kill people based on metadata.” Dave Cole, “We Kill People Based on Metadata,” New York Review of Books , May 10, 2014 "The State Department and two federal agencies - the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the National Science Foundation - are major contributors." Privacy software, criminal use Unintended consequence of Walpole firm’s technology March 08, 2012, By Jenifer B. McKim, Boston Globe Staff 1997: In addition to ONR funding, robustness aspects of Onion Routing are funded by DARPA under High Confidence Networks Program" Onion Routing: Brief Selected History July 6, 2017 "Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2011 16:57:39 -0400 From: Michael Reed To: tor-talk[at]lists.torproject.org Subject: Re: [tor-talk] Iran cracks down on web dissident technology On 03/22/2011 12:08 PM, Watson Ladd wrote: > On Tue, Mar 22, 2011 at 11:23 AM, Joe Btfsplk wrote: >> Why would any govt create something their enemies can easily use against them, then continue funding it once they know it helps the enemy, if a govt has absolutely no control over it? It's that simple. It would seem a very bad idea. Stop looking at it from a conspiracy standpoint & consider it as a common sense question. Because it helps the government as well. An anonymity network that only the US government uses is fairly useless. One that everyone uses is much more useful, and if your enemies use it as well that's very good, because then they can't cut off access without undoing their own work. BINGO, we have a winner! The original *QUESTION* posed that led to the invention of Onion Routing was, "Can we build a system that allows for bi-directional communications over the Internet where the source and destination cannot be determined by a mid-point?" The *PURPOSE* was for DoD / Intelligence usage (open source intelligence gathering, covering of forward deployed assets, whatever). Not helping dissidents in repressive countries. Not assisting criminals in covering their electronic tracks. Not helping bit-torrent users avoid MPAA/RIAA prosecution. Not giving a 10 year old a way to bypass an anti-porn filter. Of course, we knew those would be other unavoidable uses for the technology, but that was immaterial to the problem at hand we were trying to solve (and if those uses were going to give us more cover traffic to better hide what we wanted to use the network for, all the better... I once told a flag officer that much to his chagrin). I should know, I was the recipient of that question from David, and Paul was brought into the mix a few days later after I had sketched out a basic (flawed) design for the original Onion Routing. The short answer to your question of "Why would the government do this?" is because it is in the best interests of some parts of the government to have this capability... Now enough of the conspiracy theories... -Michael" Paul Syverson, email message sent to [tor-talk], “Iran cracks down on web dissident technology,” Tor Project, March 22, 2011 "We also need to think about a strategy for how to spin this move in terms of Tor's overall direction. I would guess that we don't want to loudly declare war on China, since this only harms our goals? But we also don't want to hide the existence of funding from IBB, since "they're getting paid off by the feds and they didn't tell anyone" sounds like a bad Slashdot title for a security project. Is it sufficient just to always Talk about Iran, or is that not subtle enough? >Roger - we will do any spin you want to do to help preserve the independence of TOR. We can't (nor should we) hide it for the reasons you have outlined below, but we also don't want to shout if from the rafters, either " Ken Berman, email message sent to Roger Dingledine, “Tor + IBB: moving forward,” February 24, 2006 Broadcasting Board Of Governors, Now U.S. Agency for Global Media Radio Free Asia - CIA front that was taken over by Broadcasting Board Of Governors Memorandum For: Special Assistant to the President, Subject: International Radio Broadcasting by Radio Free Asia,” Central Intelligence Agency, April 1, 1953 "Other previous employers include the MIT network security team, a summer internship at the National Security Agency" Roger Dingledine, curriculum vitae, accessed March 8, 2008, https://www.freehaven.net/~arma/cv.html "Some Egyptian youth leaders attended a 2008 technology meeting in New York, where they were taught to use social networking and mobile technologies to promote democracy. Among those sponsoring the meeting were Facebook, Google, MTV, Columbia Law School and the State Department...We learned how to organize and build coalitions,” said Bashem Fathy, a founder of the youth movement that ultimately drove the Egyptian uprisings. Mr. Fathy, who attended training with Freedom House, said, “This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 "The money spent on these programs was minute compared with efforts led by the Pentagon. But as American officials and others look back at the uprisings of the Arab Spring, they are seeing that the United States’ democracy-building campaigns played a bigger role in fomenting protests than was previously known, with key leaders of the movements having been trained by the Americans in campaigning, organizing through new media tools and monitoring elections." This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 "The cables, in particular, show how leaders in the Middle East and North Africa viewed these groups with deep suspicion, and tried to weaken them. Today the work of these groups is among the reasons that governments in turmoil claim that Western meddling was behind the uprisings, with some officials noting that leaders like Ms. Qadhi were trained and financed by the United States." This certainly helped during the revolution." Ron Nixon, “U.S. Groups Helped Nurture Arab Uprisings,” New York Times , April 14, 2011 Announcement on Alliance of Youth Movements Summit, December 3–5: Summit Brings Youth Groups, Tech Experts Together to Promote Freedom,” US Department of State press release, America.gov, November 18, 2008 (This effort was launched by Alec Ross and his State Department colleague Jared Cohen, who would later head up Google’s JigSaw think tank) Transhumanism "The human species can, if it wishes, transcend itself —not just sporadically, an individual here in one way, an individual there in another way, but in its entirety, as humanity. We need a name for this new belief. Perhaps transhumanism will serve: man remaining man, but transcending himself, by realizing new possibilities of and for his human nature. “I believe in transhumanism”: once there are enough people who can truly say that, the human species will be on the threshold of a new kind of existence, as different from ours as ours is from that of Peking man. It will at last be consciously fulfilling its real destiny." Julian Huxley, New Bottles for New Wine , (Peters Fraser & Dunlop, 1957) Page 17 "The key breakthrough in the new computer technology was made at a little known unit of the Defense Department—the Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA. ARPA scientists created something new in computer communications with this device, it’s known as the IMP, the interface message processor. Different computers communicate in different computer languages. Before the IMP it was enormously difficult, in many cases impossible, to link the various computers. The IMP, in effect, translates all computer messages into a common language. That makes it very very easy to tie them into a network. The government is now using this new technology in a secret computer network that gives the White House, the CIA, and the Defense Department access to FBI and Treasury Department computer files on 5 million Americans. The network, and it is referred to as “the network,” is now in operation.… This means that from computer terminals now in place at the White House, the CIA, or the Pentagon, an official can push a button and get whatever information there might be on you in the FBI’s vast computer files. Those files include records from local police agencies which are hooked to the FBI by computer." Transcripts of Ford Rowan’s June 1975 NBC broadcasts were read into the Congressional Record . “Surveillance Technology,” Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights of the Comm. on the Judiciary and the Special Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Commerce of the Comm. on Commerce, US Senate , 94th Cong., 1st sess. (June 23, September 9 and 10, 1975) Page 5 "The men who ran the domestic war room kept records not unlike those maintained by their counterparts in the computerized war rooms in Saigon" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,”Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page 93 "Army intelligence was not just reconnoitering cities for bivouac sites, approach routes and Black Panther arsenals. It was collecting, disseminating, and storing amounts of data on the private and personal affairs of law-abiding citizens. Comments about the financial affairs, sex lives, and psychiatric histories of persons unaffiliated with the armed forces appear throughout the various records systems" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,”Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page 96 "Demonstrators and rioters were not regarded as American citizens with possibly legitimate grievances, but as ‘dissident forces’ deployed against the established order. Given this conception of dissent, it is not surprising that army intelligence would collect information on the political and private lives of the dissenters. The military doctrines governing counterintelligence, counterinsurgency, and civil affairs operations demanded it" Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,” Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page V "Many of the records undoubtedly have been destroyed; many others undoubtedly have been hidden away.… On two subsequent occasions it was learned that the Intelligence Command had failed to carry out orders to destroy its computerized files on civilians unaffiliated with the armed forces.… The order to destroy the mug books was issued on February 18, 1970, but as of August 26, 1970, less than half had been reported destroyed.… " Army Surveillance of Civilians: A Documentary Analysis,” Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights, Comm. on the Judiciary, US Senate , 92nd Cong., 2nd sess. (1972) Page VI, 42,8 ( not a natural quote) A simple guide to GCHQ's internet surveillance programme Tempora By KADHIM SHUBBER 24 Jun 2013, Wired "It's not just a US problem. The UK has a huge dog in this fight," Snowden told the Guardian. "They [GCHQ] are worse than the US." GCHQ taps fibre-optic cables for secret access to world's communications By Ewen MacAskill, Julian Borger, Nick Hopkins, Nick Davies and James Ball 21 Jun 2013, the Guardian "The report said the UK now had the "biggest internet access in Five Eyes" – the group of intelligence organisations from the US, UK, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. "We are in the golden age," the report added." Mastering the internet: how GCHQ set out to spy on the world wide web Ewen MacAskill, Julian Borger, Nick Hopkins, Nick Davies and James Ball 21 Jun 2013, The Guardian "It resulted in one of the stranger episodes in the history of digital-age journalism. On Saturday 20 July, in a deserted basement of the Guardian's King's Cross offices, a senior editor and a Guardian computer expert used angle grinders and other tools to pulverise the hard drives and memory chips on which the encrypted files had been stored. As they worked they were watched by technicians from Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) who took notes and photographs, but who left empty-handed." NSA files: why the Guardian in London destroyed hard drives of leaked files Julian Borger, 20 Aug 2013, The Guardian “NSA slides explain PRISM”, The Washington Post , June 6, 2013, The NSA Wiretapping Story That Nobody Wanted”, PC World , July 17, 2009 "The National Security Agency is currently collecting the telephone records of millions of US customers of Verizon, one of America’s largest telecoms providers, under a top secret court order issued in April…. The order, a copy of which has been obtained by the Guardian, requires Verizon on an “ongoing, daily basis” to give the NSA information on all telephone calls in its systems, both within the US and between the US and other countries." NSA collecting phone records of millions of Verizon customers daily”, The Guardian (UK) , June 5, 2013 "The engineering problems are so immense, in systems of such complexity and frequent change, that the FBI and NSA would be hard pressed to build in back doors without active help from each company.” Barton Gellman and Laura Poitras, “U.S., British Intelligence Mining Data from Nine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret Program,” Washington Post , June 7, 2013 "Microsoft was the first to join in 2007. Yahoo! came online a year later, and Facebook and Google plugged in to PRISM in 2009. Skype and AOL both joined in 2011. Apple, the laggard of the bunch, joined the surveillance system in 2012" NSA Prism Program Slides,” Guardian , November 1, 2013

"It is better for all the world if, instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. Three generations of imbeciles are enough." Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), US Supreme Court, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. In 1934 he implored the General Assembly to broaden the scope of Virginia’s sterilization law; “the Germans,” he complained, “are beating us at our own game and are more progressive than we are.” Joseph DeJarnette, Virginia Encyclopedia GEORGE BERNARD SHAW: [. . .] But there are an extraordinary number of people whom I want to kill. Not in any unkind or personal spirit, but it must be evident to all of you — you must all know half a dozen people, at least—who are no use in this world. Who are more trouble than they are worth. And I think it would be a good thing to make everybody come before a properly appointed board, just as he might come before the income tax commissioner, and, say, every five years, or every seven years, just put him there, and say: “Sir, or madam, now will you be kind enough to justify your existence?” "National Socialism is nothing but applied biology" Rudolph Hess, Washington Post, NYT, NY Post (Could not find primary source) "A new movement was starting …. It did not belong to Socialism nor was it in the labor field, and it had much more to it than just the prevention of conception. As a few companions were sitting with me one evening, we debated in turn voluntary parenthood, voluntary motherhood, the new motherhood, constructive generation, and new generation. The terms already in use-Neo-Malthusianism, Family Limitation, and Conscious Generation seemed stuffy and lacked popular appeal. … We tried population control, race control, and birth rate control. Then someone suggested ‘Drop the [word] rate.’ Birth control was the answer“ Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 107-108 "The negro is seldom content with sexual intercourse with the white woman, but culminates his sexual furor by killing the woman sometimes taking out her womb and eating it. If the United States of America people would cease to prostitute their high mental qualities and recognize this negro as a sexual pervert, it would reflect greater credit upon them; and if they would sterilize this mentally afflicted creature instead of torturing him, they would have a better right to pose as sound thinkers and social reformers.” Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 31-32 “The demand that defective people be prevented from propagating equally defective offspring is a demand of the clearest reason and, if systematically executed, represents the most humane act of mankind. It will spare millions of unfortunates undeserved sufferings, and consequently will lead to a rising improvement of health as a whole.” Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 349 "Mr. Winston Churchill recalled the fact that there were at least 120,000 feeble-minded persons at large in our midst who deserved " all that could be done for them by a Christian and scientific “at large in our midst” who deserved “all that could be done for them by a Christian and scientific civilization now that they are in the world,” but who should, if possible, be “segregated under proper conditions so that their curse died with them and was not transmitted to future generations.” Editorial Notes”, Eugenics Review vol. 2 (October 1910), Page 163-164, Winston Churchill "It is easy to let the imagination run wild on the supposition of a whole-hearted acceptance of eugenics as a national religion.” Francis Galton, Restrictions In Marriage Page 57 "I agree with the paper, and go so far as to say that there is now no reasonable excuse for refusing to face the fact that nothing but a eugenic religion can save our civilization from the fate that has overtaken all previous civilizations." George Bernard Shaw, The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number "Many, perhaps, will think it idle to go farther in demonstrating the immorality of large families, but since there is still an abundance of proof at hand, it may be offered for the sake of those who find difficulty in adjusting old-fashioned ideas to the facts. The most merciful thing that the large family does to one of its infant members is to kill it" Woman and the New Race by Margaret Sanger Page 62-63 "The emergency problem of segregation and sterilization must be faced immediately. Every feeble-minded girl or woman of the hereditary type, especially of the moron class, should be segregated during the reproductive period. Otherwise, she is almost certain to bear imbecile children, who in turn are just as certain to breed other defectives. The male defectives are no less dangerous. Segregation carried out for one or two generations would give us only partial control of the problem. Moreover, when we realize that each feeble-minded person is a potential source of an endless progeny of defect, we prefer the policy of immediate sterilization, of making sure that parenthood is absolutely prohibited to the feeble-minded." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 101-102 "Where the parent stocks are very diverse, as [in] matings between whites, Negroes and Amerindians, the offspring is a mongrel-a walking chaos, so consumed by his jarring heredities that he is quite worthless" Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 166 "Speaking English, wearing good clothes and going to school and to church do not transform a Negro into a white man. Nor was a Syrian or Egyptian freedman transformed into a Roman by wearing a toga and applauding his favorite gladiator in the amphitheater" Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 16 "The leader of the German nation, Adolf Hitler, ably supported by Frick and guided by this nation’s anthropologists, eugenists and social philosophers, has been able to construct a comprehensive racial policy of population development and improvement that promises to be epochal in racial history. It sets a pattern which other nations and other racial groups must follow if they do not wish to fall behind in their racial quality, in their racial accomplishments and in their prospects for survival.” U.S. Eugenist Hails Nazi Racial Policy,” New York Times, 29 August 1935, Clarence Cambell "It is unfortunate that the anti-Nazi propaganda with which all countries have been flooded has gone far to obscure the correct understanding and the great importance of the German racial policy." The German Racial Policy,” Eugenical News Vol. XXI (1936) Page 25 "Nothing is so distinctive in Nazi Germany as its ideas about race. Its concept of racial matters underlies the whole National Socialist philosophy of life and profoundly influences both its policies and practices. We cannot intelligently evaluate the Third Reich unless we understand this basic attitude of mind. Unfortunately such understanding is not easy, because the whole subject has been so obscured by passion and propaganda." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 187 "As is well known, the Nazi viewpoint on race and the resultant policies are set forth by Adolf Hitler himself in the pages of Mein Kampf, the Bible of National Socialism. The future Fuehrer therein wrote: “It will be the duty of the People’s State to consider the race as the basis of the community’s existence. It must make sure that the purity of the racial strain will be preserved In order to achieve this end the State will have to avail itself of modern advances in medical science. It must proclaim that all those people are unfit for procreation who are afflicted with some visible hereditary disease, or are the carriers of it … having such people rendered sterile." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 187-188 "The relative emphasis which Hitler gave racialism and eugenics many years ago foreshadows the respective interest toward the two subjects in Germany today. Outside Germany, the reverse is true, due chiefly to Nazi treatment of its Jewish minority. Inside Germany, the Jewish problem is regarded as a passing phenomenon, already settled in principle and soon to be settled in fact by the physical elimination of the Jews themselves from the Third Reich.” Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 189 "The whole build-up thus far had been so magnificent and the attendant psychic atmosphere so impressive that by this time I really did not know what to expect. I had the feeling that I was being ushered into the presence of a Roman Emperor or even an Oriental Potentate. The absurd thought crossed my mind that I might find Der Fuehrer seated on a throne surrounded by flaming swastikas. At that moment I was bidden to the Presence. Turning left, I passed through double doors and entered another large room. To my right hand, near the doorway, was an upholstered sofa and several chairs. At the far end of the room was a flat-topped desk from behind which a figure rose as I entered and came towards me. I saw a man of medium height, clad in a plain officer’s tunic with no decorations save the Iron Cross, black trousers, and regulation military boots. Walking up to where I had halted near the doorway, he gave me a firm handshake and a pleasant smile. It was the Fuehrer." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 205 "I came away convinced that the law was being administered with strict regard for its provisions and that, if anything, judgments were almost too conservative. On the evidence of that one visit, at least, the Sterilization Law is weeding out the worst strains in the Germanic stock in a scientific and truly humanitarian way." Lothrop Stoddard, Into the Darkness (Newport Beach, CA: Noontide Press, 2000), Page 196 "Whether wholly of defective inheritance, or mostly of good inheritance, but suffering from an insurmountable hereditary handicap, members of the following classes must..be considered as socially unfit, and their supply should, if possible, be eliminated from the human stock: (1) the feeble-minded ; (2) the pauper class; (3) the criminal class; (4) the epileptics; (5) the insane ; (6) the constitutionally weak, or the asthenic class; (7) those predisposed to specific diseases, or the diathetic class; (8) the deformed ; (9) those having defective sense organs, as the blind and the deaf, or the kakaisthetic class." Preliminary Report of the Committee of the Eugenic Section of the American Breeders' Association to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means for Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the Human Population, Bleeker Van Wagenen (quote not in book, source cited) Problems In Eugenics Papers communicated to the First International Eugenics Congress University Of London, July 24th to 30th, 1912. Page 462 or 4 "Even if we accept organized charity at its own valuation, and grant that it does the best it can, it is exposed to a more profound criticism. It reveals a fundamental and ir- remediable defect. Its very success, its very efficiency, its very necessity to the social order, are themselves the most unanswerable indictment. Organized charity itself is the symptom of a malignant social disease. Those vast, complex, interrelated organizations aiming to control and to diminish the spread of misery and destitution and all the menacing evils that spring out of this sinisterly fertile soil, are the surest sign that our civilization has bred, is breeding and is perpetuating constantly increasing numbers of defectives, delinquents and dependents. My criticism, therefore, is not directed at the "failure" of philanthropy, but rather at its success." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 108 "Birth control is not contraception indiscriminately and thoughtlessly practiced. It means the release and cultivation of the better racial elements in our society, and the gradual suppression, elimination and eventual extirpation of defective stocks— those human weeds which threaten the blooming of the finest flowers of American civilization." APOSTLE OF BIRTH CONTROL SEES CAUSE GAINING HERE; Hearing in Albany on Bill to Legalize Practice a Milestone in Long Fight of Margaret Sanger -- Even China Awakening to Need of Selective Methods, She Says BY Margaret Sanger. President American Birth Control League, April 8, 1923, NYT "With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated; and those that survive commonly exhibit a vigorous state of health. We civilised men, on the other hand, do our utmost to check the process of elimination; we build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed, and the sick; we institute poor-laws; and our medical men exert their utmost skill to save the life of every one to the last moment. There is reason to believe that vaccination has preserved thousands, who from a weak constitution would formerly have succumbed to small-pox. Thus the weak members of civilised societies propagate their kind. No one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man. It is surprising how soon a want of care, or care wrongly directed, leads to the degeneration of a domestic race; but excepting in the case of man himself, hardly any one is so ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed." Charles Darwin The descent of man Page 138 “[a]t some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilised races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace throughout the world the savage races.” Charles Darwin The descent of man Page 156 "Above all, there is no more absurd fallacy than the shibboleth of ‘the melting pot.’ As a matter of fact, the melting pot may mix but does not melt. Each race-type, formed ages ago, and ‘set’ by millenniums of isolation and inbreeding, is a stubbornly persistent entity. Each type possesses a special set of characters: not merely the physical characters visible to the naked eye, but moral, intellectual and spiritual characters as well. All these characters are transmitted substantially unchanged from generation to generation" Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 165 "no amount of education or good environment can change a feebleminded individual into a normal one, any more than it can change a red-haired stock into a black-haired stock.” Henry H. Goddard, The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness Page 53 "The opinions which I summarize here are not so much my own, originally, as those of medical authorities who have made deep and careful investigations." Woman and the New Race by Margaret Sanger Page 86 "Segregation through colonization seems in the present state of our knowledge to be the ideal and perfectly satisfactory method" Henry H. Goddard, The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness Page 117 "Indeed Less Than 1,000 sterilizing operations have been performed under the immediate provisions or even under the shadow of the twelve statutes. With this in view, the rate of sterilization required seems high, but, unless the people of the several states are willing to attack the problem entirely... A halfway measure will never strike deeply at the roots of the evil" Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 490, Harry H Laughlin "I agree with you … that society has no business to permit degenerates to reproduce their kind …. Some day, we will realize that the prime duty, the inescapable duty, of the good citizen of the right type, is to leave his or her blood behind him in the world; and that we have no business to permit the perpetuation of citizens of the wrong type." Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Charles B. Davenport January 3rd 1913 APS B:D27 "In short, plaintiffs allege that many of those who were involuntarily sterilized are still unaware of the reason for their infertility as well as the medical ramifications of the procedure" Poe v. Lynchburg Training School and Hospital, 518 F. Supp. 789 (W.D. Va. 1981) "It is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no" Charles Darwin, Origin Of Species Page 64-65 Social Darwinism Francis Galton "Could not the undesirables be got rid of and the desirables multiplied?” Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters, and Labours of Francis Galton, Page 348 "What nature does blindly, slowly, and ruthlessly, man may do providently, quickly, and kindly" Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope, And Aims. Francis Galton The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number 1 "It has, indeed, strong claims to become an orthodox religious, tenet of the future" Francis Galton The American Journal Of Sociology Volume X; July, 1904; Number 1 "The "swart cockney” {in Britain} is a resurgence of the primitive Mediterranean stock, and probably a faithful replica of his ancestors of Neolithic times." Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Page 167 "There are many parents who, in many cases, may themselves be normal, but who produce defective offspring. This great mass of humanity is not only a social menace to the present generation, but it harbors the potential parenthood of the social misfits of our future generations.” Harry H. Laughlin, secretary, Bulletin No. 10A: The Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor, 1914) Page 16 Biological Experimental Station At Cold Harbour - Carnegie and Davenport Eugenics Record Office - E Hairman Funding Harry H Laughlin - World Government "If they mate with a higher level, they contaminate it; if they mate with the still lower levels, they bolster them up a little only to aid them to continue their unworthy kind.” Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 15 "For the purposes of eugenical study and in working out a policy of elimination, it seems fair to estimate the anti-social varieties of the American people at 10 per cent. of the total population; but even this is arbitrary No matter in what stage of racial progress a people may be, it will always be desirable in the interests of still further advancement to cut off the lowest levels, and to encourage high fecundity among the more gifted." Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 15 "Is sterilization in any of the laws held a punitive remedy? If so, can it be considered as a second punishment for one offense, or as cruel or unusual punishment? Is the State taking any retaliatory measures toward a certain class of offenders in authorizing the operation? Can the sterilization of degenerates, or especially of criminals, be legitimately effected through the exercise of police functions?" Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914, Page 8 I understand that the operation of vasectomy is painless…other than to render it impossible for him to have progeny…. The danger, however, is that it might be inflicted upon one who is not a habitual criminal, who might have been the victim of circumstances and who could be reformed. To deprive such an individual of all hope of progeny would approach closely to the line of cruel and unusual punishment. There are many cases where juvenile offenders have been rendered habitual criminals who subsequently became exemplary citizens … the very fact that they exist would require the exercise of extreme caution in determining whether such a punishment is constitutional.” Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10B: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. II. THE LEGAL, LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF STERILIZATION, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 74 "Suggested Remedies... 1. Life segregation (or segregation during the reproductive 2. Sterilization. 3. Restrictive marriage laws and customs. 4. Eugenical education of the public and of prospective marriage period) mates. 5. Systems of matings purporting to remove defective traits. 6. General environmental betterment. 7. Polygamy. 8. Euthanasia. 9. Neo-Malthusianism. 10. Laissez-faire." Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 45-46 "International Co-operation: A review of the studies looking toward the possible application of the sterilization of defectives in foreign countries, together with records of any such operations from eugenical motives; foreign laws, customs and attitudes in reference to eugenical sterilization. The extent and nature of the problem of the socially inadequate in foreign countries" Eugenics Record Office. BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population. I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914 Page 9 Indiana 1907 Sterilisation Bill International Eugenics Conference "If we would preserve our state for a class of people worthy to possess it, we must prevent, as far as possible, the propagation of mental degenerates.” News and Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol. II (1917), Lewis Turman "The decline in intelligence is due to two factors: the change in the races migrating to this country, and to the additional factor of the sending of lower and lower representatives of each race…. The conclusion [is] that our test results indicate a genuine intellectual superiority of the Nordic group over the Alpine and Mediterranean groups" Carl C. Brigham, A Study of American Intelligence Page 180 "But the danger of the intelligence tests is that in a wholesale system of education, the less sophisticated or the more prejudiced will stop when they have classified and forget that their duty is to educate. They will grade the retarded child instead of fighting the causes of his backwardness. For the whole drift of the propaganda based on intelligence testing is to treat people with low intelligence quotients as congenitally and hopelessly inferior." Walter Lippmann, “The Mental Age of Americans,” New Republic 32, no. 415 (November 15, 1922) (Not Primary source, Wiki referenced it though) "And in the meantime the psychologists will save themselves from the reproach of having opened up a new chance for quackery in a field where quacks breed like rabbits, and they will save themselves from the humiliation of having furnished doped evidence to the exponents of the New Snobbery" Walter Lippmann, “The Mental Age of Americans,” New Republic 32 no. 417 (November 29, 1922). (Not Primary source, Wiki referenced it though) Race Betterment Foundation - The Race Betterment Foundation was a eugenics and racial hygiene organization founded in 1906 at Battle Creek, Michigan by John Harvey Kellogg To purify the breeding stock of the race at all costs is the slogan of eugenics The compulsory sterilization of certain degenerates, is therefore designed as a eugenical agency complementary to the segregation of the socially unfit classes, and to the control of the immigration of those who carry defective germ-plasm." Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 478, Harry H Laughlin "The unprotected females of the socially unfit classes bear, in human society a place comparable to that of the females of mongrel strains of domestic animals,” Proceedings, First National Conference on Race Betterment, Page 484, Harry H Laughlin Edwin Katzen-Ellenbog Carrie Buck "A social worker stated that Buck was “obviously feebleminded” and that her baby “had a look about it that is not quite normal.” Buck Vs Bell "The judgment finds the facts that have been recited and that Carrie Buck “is the probable potential parent of socially inadequate offspring, likewise afflicted, that she may be sexually sterilized without detriment to her general health and that her welfare and that of society will be promoted by her sterilization,” and thereupon makes the order …. We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the state for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence." Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), US Supreme Court, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr American Birth Control League "Eugenics seems to me to be valuable in its critical and diagnostic aspects, in emphasizing the danger of irresponsible and uncontrolled fertility of the "unfit" and the feeble-minded establishing a progressive unbalance in human society and lowering the birth-rate among the "fit." The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 104 "Her family had been Irish as far back as she could trace; the strain of the Norman conquerors had run true throughout the generations, and may have accounted for her unfaltering courage.” Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 11 "Mother’s eleven children were all ten-pounders or more, and both she and father had a eugenic pride of race" Margaret Sanger An Autobiography Page 29 "I think of Birth Control as an item … supremely important as an item in the eugenic program…. Birth control, I repeat, is the fundamental, primary element or item in the eugenic program" The Pivot of Civilization in Historical Perspective: The Birth Control Classic By Margaret Sanger, H. G. Wells, Page 177, "Birth control, which has been criticized as negative and destructive, is really the greatest and most truly eugenic method, and its adoption as part of the program of Eugenics would immediately give a concrete and realistic power to that science. As a matter of fact, Birth Control has been concrete and realistic power to that science. As a matter of fact, Birth Control has been accepted by the most clear thinking and far seeing of the Eugenists themselves as the most constructive and necessary of the means to racial health.” The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 189 "Fostering the good-for-nothing at the expense of the good is an extreme cruelty. It is a deliberate storing up of miseries for future generations. There is no greater curse to posterity than that of bequeathing theman increasing population of imbeciles." Herbert Spencer, The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 105 "Such philanthropy … unwittingly promotes precisely the results most deprecated. It encourages the healthier and more normal sections of the world to shoulder the burden of unthinking and indiscriminate fecundity of others; which brings with it, as I think the reader must agree, a dead weight of human waste. Instead of decreasing and aiming to eliminate the stocks that are most detrimental to the future of the race and the world, it tends to render them to a menacing degree dominant. "The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 116-117 "We want fewer and better children … and we cannot make the social life and the world-peace we are determined to make, with the ill-bred, ill-trained swarms of inferior citizens that you inflict upon US.” The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page XVI, HG Wells "sterilization of the insane and feebleminded and the encouragement of this operation upon those afflicted with inherited or transmissible diseases" The Pivot of Civilization by Margaret Sanger Page 282, Appendix Aims of the American Birth Control League "Gentlemen and Ladies, you have not any idea unless you have studied this subject mathematically, how rapidly we could exterminate this contamination if we really got at it, or how rapidly the contamination goes on if we do not get at it.” Irving Fisher, “A Reply,” Official Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment (Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment Foundation, 1915). Page 68 America Eugenics Society "Let us not forget that these billions, millions, thousands of people are increasing, expanding, exploding at a terrific rate every year. Africa, Asia, South America are made up of more than a billion human beings, miserable, poor, illiterate labor slaves, whether they are called that or not; a billion hungry men and women always in the famine zone yet reproducing themselves in the blind struggle for survival and perpetuation." Margaret Sanger, " [Lasker Award Address] ," 25 Oct 1950, Planned Parenthood Federation of America meeting at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York. Margaret Sanger Project, public papers "The second suggestion I would offer as one worthy of national consideration is that of decreasing the progeny of those human beings affiliated with transmissable diseases and dysgnic qualities of body and mind. While our present Federal Governmental Santa Clauses have their hands in the taxpayer's pockets, why not in their generous giving mood be constructive and provide for sterilizing as well as giving a pension, dole -- call it what you may -- to the feeble-minded and the victims of transmissible, congenital diseases? Such a programme would be a sound future investment as well as a kindness to the couples themselves by preventing the birth of dozens of their progeny to become burdens, even criminals of another generation" Margaret Sanger, " [Lasker Award Address] ," 25 Oct 1950, Planned Parenthood Federation of America meeting at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York. Margaret Sanger Project, public papers Anglo-Saxon Clubs Of America Racial Integrity Laws "As color is the most important feature of this form of registration, the local registrar must be sure that there is no trace of colored blood in anyone offering to register as a white person. The penalty for willfully making a false claim as to color is one year in the penitentiary" The New Virginia Law to Preserve Racial Integrity March 1924 "April 30, 1924 Mrs. Robert H. Cheatham Lynchburg, Virginia We have a report of the birth of your child,July 30th, 1923, signed by Mary Gildon, midwife. She says that you are white and that the father of the child is white. We have a correction to this certificate sent to us from the City Health Department at Lynchburg, in which they say that the father of this child is a negro. This is to give you warning that this is a mulatto child and you cannot pass it off as white. A new law passed by the last legislature says that if a child has one drop of negro blood in it, it cannot be counted as white. You will have to do something about this matter and see that this child is not allowed to mix with white children. It cannot go to white schools and can never marry a white person in Virginia. It is an awful thing. Yours very truly, WA. Plecker STATE REGISTRAR" Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Mrs. Robert H. Cheatham and Mrs. Mary Gildon, 30 April 1924: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1924 #1, Virginia Encyclopedia The variation in races is not simply a matter of color of skin, eyes, and hair and facial and bodily contour, but goes through every cell of the body. The mental and moral characteristics of a black man cannot even under the best environments and educational advantages become the same as those of a white man. But even if the negro’s attainments should be considerable, these could not be transmitted to his offspring since personally acquired qualities are not inheritable. Neither can the descendents of the union of the two races if left to their own resources, be expected to develop or maintain the highest type of civilization.” Bureau of Vital Statistics, Eugenics in Relation to the New Family and the Law on Racial Integrity, (Richmond: Supt. Public Printing, 1924) Page 6-7 "It is evident from this study that the intellectual levels of the negro and the Indian race as now found is below the average for the white race. In the Wins, the early white stock was probably at least of normal ability, i.e. for the white …. [Today, however,] the whole Win tribe is below the average, mentally and socially. They are lacking in academic ability, industrious to a very limited degree and capable of taking little training. Some of them do rather well the few things they know, such as raising tobacco or corn-a few as carpenters or bricklayers, but this has been the result of years of persistent supervision by the white landlords. Less than a dozen men work even reasonably well without a foreman…. Very few could tell the value of either twenty-five or seventy-five cents" Arthur Estabrook and Ivan E. McDougle, Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1926) Page 199-200, Study From the Carnegie Institute of Washington "There is practically no music among them, and they have no sense of rhythm even in the lighter mulatto mixtures. As is well known, the negro is ‘full’ of music. Some of them [the mulattoes] have been given special training in music, but no Win has ever shown any semblance of ability in this line.” Arthur Estabrook and Ivan E. McDougle, Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1926) Page 201, Study From the Carnegie Institute of Washington "testing the worth of immigrants … in their home towns, because that is the only place where one can get eugenical facts …. For example, whether he comes from an industrious or shiftless family.” Biological Aspects of Immigration. Hearings Before the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, House of Representatives, Sixty-sixth Congress, Second Session, April 16-17, 1920. Statement of Harry H. Laughlin Page 4 At a meeting of the Medico-Legal Society, London, where I gave an address (December 1904) upon my proposal to sterilize certain mental and physical degenerates, Sir John McDougall, Chairman of the Asylum Committee, London County Council, said—"One day we shall come to the conclusion that some physical means should be employed to prevent the unfit from producing children." Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 164 "It is in the sterilization of failures, and not in the selection of successes for breeding, that the possibility of an improvement of the human stock lies." Robert Reid Rentoul, Race Culture; Or Race Suicide? (London: The Walter Scott Publishing Co., Ltd., 1906) Page 164, HG Wells "It was believed that the object of the Society being primarily education was so universally established as to make the word education in the title redundant' lady georgina chambers, "notes on the early days of the 'eugenics education society,' Page 33 "The first step to be taken, “ought to be to establish some system by which all children at school reported by their instructors to be specially stupid, all juvenile offenders awaiting trial, all ins-and-outs at workhouses, and all convicted prisoners should be examined by trained experts in mental defects in order to place on a register the names of all those thus ascertained to be definitely abnormal.” Major Leonard Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” Page 34 "It is quite certain that no existing democratic government would go as far as we Eugenists think right in the direction of limiting the liberty of the subject for the sake of the racial qualities of future generations. It is here we find the practical limitation to the possibility of immediate reform: for it is unwise to endeavor to push legislation beyond the bounds set by public opinion because of the dangerous reaction which would probably result from neglecting to pay attention to the prejudices of the electorate.” Major Leonard Darwin, “First Steps Towards Eugenic Reform.” Page 35 Mental Deficiency Act 1913 "From an historical point of view, the first method which presents itself is execution. This has been used since the beginning of the race, very probably, although rarely with a distinct understanding of its eugenic effect; and its value in keeping up the standard of the race should not be underestimated" Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson, Applied Eugenics (New York: Macmillan, 1918), Page 184 "Mistaken regard for what are believed to be divine laws and a sentimental belief in the sanctity of human life tend to prevent both the elimination of defective infants and the sterilization of such adults as are themselves of no value to the community. The laws of nature require the obliteration of the unfit and human life is valuable only when it is of use to the community or race." Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 49 "One may even view with satisfaction the high death rate in an institution for low grade feeble-minded, while one regards as a national disaster the loss of … the infant child of exceptional parents.” Charles B. Davenport , “Presidential Address,” A Decade of Progress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third International Congress of Eugenics (Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1934) Page 21 Nevada 1921 Gas Chamber for criminals Grant's work was embraced by proponents of the National Socialist movement in Germany and was the first non-German book ordered to be reprinted by the Nazis when they took power. Adolf Hitler wrote to Grant, "The book is my Bible." Wiki, Atlantic, NYT, AP, Autobiography of Leon R. Whitney, unpublished manuscript circa 1973, p. 205: APS Manuscript Collection (Could not find primary source) "The high percentage of blue eyes is remarkable" Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz, Human Heredity, 3n1 Ed., trans. Eden & Cedar Paul (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1931) Page 198 (using Davenport's US military data) "In the children of Jews who have emigrated from eastern or central Europe to the United States, the skulls are narrower than those of their broad-skulled parents, and this comparative narrowness is more marked in proportion to the number of years that have elapsed since the migration…. Sicilians acquire somewhat broader heads in the United States.” Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz, Human Heredity, 3n1 Ed., trans. Eden & Cedar Paul (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1931) Page 120 "The Peoples’ State must set race in the center of all life. It must take care to keep it pure…. It must see to it that only the healthy beget children; that there is only one disgrace: despite one’s own sickness and deficiencies, to bring children into the world…. It must put the most modern medical means in the service of this knowledge. It must declare unfit for propagation all who are in any way visibly sick or who have inherited a disease and can therefore pass it on, and put this into actual practice.” Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 608 "Like much Foundation research, funding was not limited to the United States. The Foundation supported research in Denmark conducted by Oluf Thomsen and Tage Kemp in the early 1930s on the genetics of psychopathology. This led to the development of a Danish twin registry composed of nearly two thousand pairs." Health and Wellbeing, Science, Medical Education and Public Health, The Rockefeller Foundation "Any crossing of two beings not at exactly the same level produces a medium between the level of the two parents. This means: the off-spring will probably stand higher than the racially lower parent, but not as high as the higher one …. Such mating is contrary to the will of Nature for a higher breeding of all life.” Mein By Adolf Hitler Page 259 "What the Melting Pot actually does in practice can be seen in Mexico, where the absorption of the blood of the original Spanish conquerors by the native Indian population has produced the racial mixture which we call Mexican and which is now engaged in" Madison Grant The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), Page 17 "North America, whose population consists in by far the largest part of Germanic elements who mixed but little with the lower colored peoples, shows a different humanity and culture from Central and South America, where the predominantly Latin immigrants often mixed with the aborigines on a large scale" Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 260 "There is today one state in which at least weak beginnings toward a better conception [of immigration] are noticeable. Of course, it is not our model German Republic, but the [United States], in which an effort is made to consult reason at least partially. By refusing immigrants on principle to elements" Mein Kampf By Adolf Hitler Page 651 "it is possible to a large extent to prevent unhealthy and severely handicapped beings from coming into the world. I have studied with great interest the laws of several American states concerning prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, in all probability, be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock…. But the possibility of excess and error is still no proof of the incorrectness of these laws. It only exhorts us to the greatest possible conscientiousness …. It seems to me the ultimate in hypocrisy and inner untruth if these same people [social critics]-and it is them, in the main-call the sterilization of those who are severely handicapped physically and morally and of those who are genuinely criminal a sin against God. I despise this sanctimoniousness…. “ Otto Wagener, Hitler: Memoirs of a Confidant, trans. Henry Ashby Turner (Yale University Press, 1987), Pages 145-146 “You will be interested to know, that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought, and particularly by the work of the Human Betterment Foundation. I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.” Human Betterment Foundation, “Report to the Board of Directors of the Human Betterment Foundation for the Year Ending February 12, 1936.”: Baileyl Howe Library: Perkins Papers. (WIKI, WIKI can't find primary source) Heinrich Poll Abraham Flexner James Loeb Rockefeller Foundation funding for Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes and Nazi eugenics Ernst Rudin Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring - Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring (Ger. Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses) or "Sterilisation Law" was a statute in Nazi Germany enacted on July 14, 1933, (and made active in January 1934) which allowed the compulsory sterilisation of any citizen who in the opinion of a "Genetic Health Court" (Gr. Erbgesundheitsgericht) suffered from a list of alleged genetic disorders – many of which were not, in fact, genetic. The elaborate interpretive commentary on the law was written by three dominant figures in the racial hygiene movement: Ernst Rüdin, Arthur Gütt and the lawyer Falk Ruttke. The law itself was based on the American Model Eugenical Sterilization Law developed by Harry H. Laughlin. "On July 14, 1933, the Nazi dictatorship enacted the Law for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases. Individuals who were subject to the law were those men and women who “suffered” from any of nine conditions listed in the law: hereditary feeblemindedness, schizophrenia, manic-depressive disorder, hereditary epilepsy, Huntington’s chorea (a rare and fatal degenerative disease), hereditary blindness, hereditary deafness, severe physical deformity, and chronic alcoholism. Gerda D., a shopworker, was one of an estimated 400,000 Germans who were forcibly sterilized" THE BIOLOGICAL STATE: NAZI RACIAL HYGIENE, 1933–1939, Holocaust Encyclopedia "Germany is the first of the world’s major nations to enact a modern eugenical sterilization law for the nation as a unit…. The law recently promulgated by the Nazi Government marks several substantial advances. Doubtless the legislative and court history of the experimental sterilization laws in 27 states of the American union provided the experience, which Germany used in writing her new national sterilization statute. To one versed in the history of eugenical sterilization in America, the text of the German statute reads almost like the ‘American model sterilization law.” Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933 "In the meantime it is announced that the Reich will secure data on prospective sterilization cases, that it will, in fact, in accordance with ‘the American model sterilization law,’ work out a census of its socially inadequate human stocks." Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933, Page 90 "To one acquainted with English and American law, it is difficult to see how the new German sterilization law could, as some have suggested, be deflected from its purely eugenical purpose, and be made ‘an instrument of tyranny', for the sterilization of non-Nordic races. Of the more than 16,000 cases of legal sterilizations, under the recent American state Sterilization statues, no one has ever suggested that in any single case had the state made a eugenical mistake …. One may condemn the Nazi policy generally, but specifically it remained for Germany in 1933 to lead the great nations of the world in the recognition of the biological" Eugenical Sterilization in Germany," Eugenical News Vol. XVIII, No. 5 September-October, 1933, Page 90 Nazis Insist Reich Be ‘Race-Minded No One Knows Exactly What That Means There, Except That Jews Are Target. FRICK EXPOUNDS DOGMA Admits Germans Are Not a Pure Strain, but Rejoices at 'Nordic Accentuation,’” New York Times, 7 January 1934 The University of Heidelberg in Heidelberg, Germany, granted Laughlin an honorary master's degree in 1936 for his work. Carl Schneider honouring Harry H Laughlin Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen - American Eugenicist for Carnegie Institute who, ended up in the Buchenwald concentration camp, as a doctor killing people brutally Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer - mentioned in Eugenical news 1928, march, Feb, 1929-30, 30-31, 32-33, 34-36 (can't access the actual text as Universities have it locked) "Eugenical News extends best wishes to Dr. O. Freiherr von Verschuer for the success of his work in his new and favorable environment.” "Verschuer’s Institute,” Eugenical News Vol. XX (1935), Pages 59-60 The History of Twins, As a Criterion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture” (1875), by Francis Galton "Sex of Twins,” Eugenical News Vol. II (1917) Page 5 "Similar Tumors in Twins,” Eugenical News Vol. VII (1922), Pages 71, From Germany, Leipzig "The subject of the genesis of human twins … has a special importance for eugenicists.” R.A. Fisher, “New Data on the Genesis of Twins,” in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I: Scientific Papers of the Second International Congress of Eugenics (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923), Page 195 Josef Menegle "I want clean copy, because these reports will be forwarded to the Institute of Biological, Racial and Evolutionary Research at Berlin-Dahlem.”Thus I learned that the experiments performed here were checked by the highest medical authorities at one of the most famous scientific institutes in the world." Miklos Nyiszli, Auschwitz: A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1993 Page 97 "Work in human genetics should receive special consideration as rapidly as sound possibilities present themselves. The attack planned, however, is a basic and long-range one and such a subject as eugenics, for example, would not be given support.” Natural Sciences-Program and Policy: Past Program and Proposed Future Program,” Pages 79-80 American Society of Human Genetic - Presidents - Herman Joseph Muller "was partly responsible for the whole extermination,” Hirschhorn related emphatically during a February 2003 interview. “He was the one that gave the Nazis the pseudo-genetic rationale to destroy the Jews and Gypsies. He was part of the organization [American Society of Human Genetics] in 1949 because in those days … it was all covered up. No one really knew. But I’ll never forget. I was sitting in his university office in Münster as a young man, and he asked a lot of personal questions about my background, and so forth, until he found out I was Jewish. I knew who he was by that time. I took a great deal of pleasure in telling him that I came to the United States from Austria, and when I turned eighteen, I enlisted in the army and went over there and fought the Nazis-and went right through Münster. He was taken aback." Author’s interview with Dr. Kurt Hirschhorn, 12 February 2003 Hubertus Strughold - was a German-born physiologist and prominent medical researcher. Beginning in 1935 he served as chief of aeromedical research for the Luftwaffe, holding this position throughout World War II. In 1947 he was brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip and held a series of high-ranking medical positions with both the US Air Force and NASA. "There can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the Equal Protection Clause…. The freedom to marry has long been recognized as one of the vital personal rights essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men. Marriage is one of the ‘basic civil rights of man,’ fundamental to our very existence and survival. … To deny this fundamental freedom on so unsupportable a basis as the racial classifications embodied in these [Virginia] statutes, classifications so directly subversive of the principle of equality at the heart of the Fourteenth Amendment, is surely to deprive all the State’s citizens of liberty without due process of law…. These convictions must be reversed. It is so ordered." Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. I (1967)., Wiki "The United States, however , also provides an example for the racial legislation of the world in another respect . Although it is clearly established in the Declaration of Independence that every one born in the United States is a citizen of the United States and so acquires all the rights which an American citizen can acquire , impassable lines are drawn between the individual races , especially in the Southern States . Thus in certain States Japanese are excluded from the ownership of land or real estate and they are prevented from cultivating arable land . Marriages between colored persons and whites are forbidden in no less than 30 of the Federal States. Marriages contracted in spite of this ban are declared invalid . A few might be mentioned here : Alabama : Prohibition of marriage between a Negro or a per son of Negro origin and a white person . A marriage contracted in spite of this is regarded as a crime . Arizona : Marriage between a white person on one side and a Negro , Mongolian , or Indian on the other side is considered null and void . Arkansas : Marriage between a white person on one side and a Negro or Mulatto on the other side is considered illegal and void. California : Marriage between a white person on one side and Negroes , Mongolians , or Mulattoes on the other side is considered illegal and void. Florida : Marriage between a white person and a person who has one - eighth or more of Negro blood is considered null and void Louisiana : Marriage between a colored person and a white , as well as marriage between Indians and blacks , is forbidden . Maryland : Marriage between a white person and a Negro or a descendant of Negroes back to and including the third genera tion is void and considered a crime . This far from complete enumeration should meet the wishes of our collaborators for some examples." Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume IV, Page 1159, Translation Of Hofmann Document 54 Hofmann Defense Exhibit 61 Extract From "Information Service Of The Racial - Political Office Of The Nsdap Reich Administration " , 30 July 1937 , Concerning Race Protection Laws Of Other Countries "In a judgment of the Supreme Court of October 1926 it says , among other things : " It is better for everybody if society , instead of waiting until it has to execute degenerate offspring or leave them to starve because of feeble - mindedness can prevent obviously inferior in dividuals from propagating their kind . The principle justifying compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover the severing of the Fallopian tubes ” Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book, Volume IV, Page 1159, Translation Of Hofmann Document 54 Hofmann Defense Exhibit 61 Extract From "Information Service Of The Racial - Political Office Of The Nsdap Reich Administration " , 30 July 1937 , Concerning Race Protection Laws Of Other Countries Tage Kemp The Institute of Human Genetics Copenhagen "I don't want it. I don't approve of it, sir. I don't want a sterilize operation.... Let me go home, see if I get along all right. Have mercy on me and let me do that. — A woman pleading with the eugenics board, 1945" Lifting the Curtain on a Shameful Era,” Winston-Salem Journal. "Major eugenics research at Wake Forest University was paid for by a patron whose long history of ties to science had a racial agenda that included a visit to a 1935 Nazi eugenics conference and extensive efforts to overturn key civil-rights legislation." Lifting the Curtain on a Shameful Era,” Winston-Salem Journal "the other organizations set up in this country under eminent sponsorship have long since disappeared…. Was it because … some of the early eugenicists placed a false and distasteful emphasis on race and social class? … Was it because of the emotional reaction to Hitler’s excesses and his misuse of the word ‘eugenics’? Or did it go deeper.” History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 4, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers "All those present agree that the time was not right for aggressive eugenic propaganda." Frederick Osborn, “History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 17, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers "Grants were received from the Dodge fund, the Population Council, the Draper fund" Frederick Osborn, “History of the American Eugenics Society,” Page 17, American Philosophical Society, Frederick Henry Osborn Papers